Water Soluble Bioactives of Nacre Mediate Antioxidant Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation

Chaturvedi, Ratna; Singha, Prajjal K.; Dey, Satyahari

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084584

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…In our work, we also found that mice in both the OVX group and the OVX group + control virus lost hair on their faces to different degrees after surgery for 2 mo, but not OVX mice that were treated with PFMG1 group or the sham‐surgery group. This phenomenon indicated that PFMG1 might also have other functions in addition to the promotion of bone remodeling as nacre factors have also been shown to have antioxidant activities (19), which need more research for additional explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…Nacre has been demonstrated to have osteogenic activity without causing increased inflammation after implantation into the bones of different mammalian species, including sheep (9)(10)(11)(12), rabbits (13), rats (14), and humans (15,16). Previous studies have demonstrated that ABBREVIATIONS: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMD, bone mineral density; CysR, cysteine-rich; Fzd5, frizzled class receptor 5; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; micro-CT, micro-computed tomography; MTT, 3-(4,5dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OVX, ovariectomy; PDB, Protein Data Bank; PFMG1, Pinctada fucata mantle gene 1; qPCR, quantitative PCR; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; WSM, water-soluble matrix water-soluble matrix (WSM), also called water-soluble nacreous factors, extracted from nacre significantly increases the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of bone marrow stromal cells (12) and promotes the early mineralization of preosteoblast cells (17)(18)(19) and decreased osteoclast bone resorption (5,20). Although many studies have demonstrated the function of WSM in activating biomineralization, knowledge of the core osteogenic factor in nacre is limited.…”

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PFMG1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents osteoporotic bone loss

Wang

et al. 2018

FASEB j.

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Nacre is a widely used mineral medicine that has been reported to have beneficial effects in bone remodeling without an increase in inflammation. Water-soluble nacre matrix has been demonstrated to be responsible for the effect, yet core active ingredients are unknown. Pinctada fucata mantle gene 1 (PFMG1) was first discovered in the mantle tissue of Pinctada fucata. The protein has 2 EF-hands, a calcium-binding domain. PFMG1 protein can affect the growth of calcium carbonate crystals in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that PFMG1 affects cell-cycle distribution and promotes preosteoblast proliferation. PFMG1 accelerates preosteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization. During the differentiation process, PFMG1 increases the expression level of osteoblastic marker genes and activates the Erk signaling pathway. PFMG1 also accelerates calcium crystal aggregation in culture medium and suppresses osteoclast formation. Moreover, PFMG1 prevents bone loss caused by ovariectomy. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that PFMG1 stimulates genes that are associated with tissue development and ossification, which indicated new genes that function in bone remodeling. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of PFMG1 from nacre as a novel medicine for osteoporosis.-Li, L., Wang, P., Hu, K., Wang, X., Cai, W., Ai, C., Liu, S., Wang, Z. PFMG1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents osteoporotic bone loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PFMG1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents osteoporotic bone loss

Wang

et al. 2018

FASEB j.

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“…Together, these results suggest oyster shell extract could be useful as a natural anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory resource[263]. It was also shown that a water soluble matrix extract of nacre had ability of vitro scavenging of ABTS and DPPH free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation[264]. Mitsuhashi et al[265] reported a radical scavenging glycoprotein with amolecular weight of approximately 90 kDa m the scallop shell Conclusions Worldwide the seafood harvesting and processing industry generates considerable waste co-products.…”

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Marine shells: Potential opportunities for extraction of functional and health-promoting materials

Hou

Shavandi

Carne

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

106

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Marine shell waste is a very rich source of several bioactive compounds and materials, such as calcium, chitin, pigments and proteins. Currently, this waste material is greatly underutilized and contributes to significant environmental problems due to off odour and concentration of minerals in landfill. The main objective of this review is to highlight the potential to value-add to and maximize the utilization of this waste stream. Therefore, this review provides up to date Downloaded by [University of California Santa Barbara] at 06:53 25 June 2016 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2information on various compounds available in marine shells that are generated as waste co-product from commercial processing operations and their potential uses. Methods are described for extraction of these compounds for use in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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“…Many SMPs have been identified and biochemically characterised with a wide range of potential functions such as exertion of signalling activities towards the calcifying mantle epithelium, interaction with minerals and catalysis of enzymatic reactions (Marin and Luquet 2004, Marin et al 2008. Molluscan shell extracts also induce osteoblast differentiation and stimulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix components of fibroblast in mammalian cell cultures (Pereira Mouriès et al 2002, Rousseau et al 2003, Chaturvedi et al 2013, Latire et al 2014.…”

Section: The Mantle Appears To Use Conserved Developmental Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of gene family evolution and the molecular basis of shell formation in molluscs

Aguilera¹

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Since the emergence of shell-bearing molluscs in the Early Cambrian, diverse shell forms have evolved. Modern molluscs are renowned for a highly complex and robust shell, which is the product of the orchestrated expression of genes and secretion of a large number of proteins and other macromolecules from the epithelium of a specialised organ called the mantle. Molluscan shells display remarkable morphological diversity, structure and ornamentation, however the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution and formation of the shell remain largely unknown. In this thesis, I seek to investigate the nature of the mantle transcriptome focussing on the timing of origin of genes expressed in the mantle and the evolutionary history of gene families that encode secreted proteins in representatives of bivalve and gastropod species.First, by comparative transcriptomics of the mantle, I determined the origin and evolution of gene families expressed in this organ. Gene origin analyses show that most genes expressed in the mantle are taxon-restricted innovations (i.e. unique to a particular species), although a large number of genes arose along the stems leading to the bilaterian and molluscan last common ancestors. Focussing on gene families that encode secreted proteins that are likely to be embedded within the shell and/or to regulate shell construction, I found that these are comprised of both ancient and lineage-specific gene families. The evolution of these gene families is highly dynamic with prolific gene family gains and losses over evolutionary time. By comparing sequences, I also detected indications of positively selected gene families over molluscan evolution. These gene families show unique patterns of enrichment of protein domains, and presumably molecular functions, that are taxa-specific, suggesting that bivalves and gastropods use almost completely different secretory repertoire to construct their shells.I then focused on an ancient gene family expressed in the molluscan mantles -the tyrosinase gene family -to understand how a conserved gene family has been co-opted into the biomineralisation pathway. I found no evidence of large-scale expansion of tyrosinase genes in gastropods, whereas tyrosinase genes in bivalves have undergone substantial independent gene expansions in at least two lineages (Pinctada spp. and Crassostrea gigas), and that the resulting gene duplicates have been co-opted into the mantle gene regulatory network. Many of the tyrosinase genes are found in clusters within the genomes and are expressed at relatively high levels in the mantle. Detailed 3 comparisons of tyrosinase gene expression in different regions of the mantle in two closely related pearl oysters, P. maxima and P. margaritifera, reveal that recently evolved orthologous genes have unique expression profiles across the mantle with high expression levels at the distal mantle edge, suggesting roles in colouration and/or prismatic shell layer construction. Differences in expression levels are consistent with the rapid evo...

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Water Soluble Bioactives of Nacre Mediate Antioxidant Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation

Cited by 45 publications

References 61 publications

PFMG1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents osteoporotic bone loss

PFMG1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents osteoporotic bone loss

Marine shells: Potential opportunities for extraction of functional and health-promoting materials

Investigation of gene family evolution and the molecular basis of shell formation in molluscs

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