Water resources data, Kentucky. Water year 1991

McClain, D.L.; Byrd, F.D.; Brown, A.C.

doi:10.2172/10150157

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The accuracy of discharge estimates depends on the stability of the stage-discharge relation and the frequency of discharge measurements (McClain et al, 1997). Most of the discharge estimates used in this study are reported as 'good' in the State water-data reports.…”

Section: Discharge and Nutrient Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997–98

Battaglin

Kendall

Chang

et al. 2001

Hydrological Processes

109

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Abstract:Nitrate NO 3 and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO 3 delivered by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico is well documented, but the relative contributions of different sources of NO 3 , and the magnitude of subsequent in-stream transformations of NO 3 , are not well understood. Forty-two water samples collected in 1997 and 1998 at eight stations located either on the Mississippi River or its major tributaries were analysed for NO 3 , total nitrogen (N), atrazine, chloride concentrations and NO 3 stable isotopes (υ 15 N and υ 18 O). These data are used to assess the magnitude and nature of in-stream N transformation and to determine if the υ 15 N and υ 18 O of NO 3 provide information about NO 3 sources and transformation processes in a large river system (drainage area ¾2 900 000 km 2 ) that would otherwise be unavailable using concentration and discharge data alone.Results from 42 samples indicate that the υ 15 N and υ 18 O ratios between sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries are somewhat distinctive, and vary with season and discharge rate. Of particular interest are two nearly Lagrangian sample sets, in which samples from the Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA, are compared with samples collected from the Ohio River at Grand Chain, II, and the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL. In both Lagrangian sets, mass-balance calculations indicate only a small amount of in-stream N loss. The stable isotope data from the samples suggest that in-stream N assimilation and not denitrification accounts for most of the N loss in the lower Mississippi River during the spring and early summer months.

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Section: Discharge and Nutrient Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997–98

Battaglin

Kendall

Chang

et al. 2001

Hydrological Processes

109

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“…1). The average discharge near its mouth is 7,787 m 3 á s A1 (1928± 1995McClain et al 1995) with peak¯ows generally in March (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Isotopic analysis of three food web theories in constricted and floodplain regions of a large river

et al. 1998

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Analyses of stable isotope (δC and δN) and C:N ratios of food webs within a floodplain and a constricted-channel region of the Ohio River during October 1993 and July 1994 indicate that the increasingly influential flood pulse concept (FPC) does not, for either location, adequately address food web structure for this very large river. Furthermore, results of this study suggest that the riverine productivity model (RPM) is more appropriate than the widely known river continuum concept (RCC) for the constricted region of this river. These␣conclusions are based on stable isotope analyses of potential sources of organic matter (riparian C trees, riparian C grasses and agricultural crops, submerged macrophytes, benthic filamentous algae, benthic particulate organic matter, and transported organic matter containing detritus and phytoplankton) and various functional feeding groups of invertebrate and fish consumers. The FPC, which stresses the key contribution of organic matter, particularly terrestrial organic matter, originating from the floodplain to riverine food webs, was judged inappropriate for the floodplain region of the Ohio River for hydrodynamic and biotic reasons. The rising limb and peak period of discharge typically occur in November through March when temperatures are low (generally much less than 10°C) and greater than bank-full conditions are relatively unpredictable and short-lived. The major food potentially available to riverine organisms migrating into the floodplain would be decaying vegetation because autotrophic production is temperature and light limited and terrestrial insect production is minimal at that time. It is clear from our data that terrestrial C plants contribute little, if anything, to the consumer food web (based on δC values), and δN values for C plants, coarse benthic organic matter, and fine benthic organic matter were too depleted (∼7-12‰ lower than most invertebrate consumer values) for this organic matter to be supporting the food web. The RPM, which emphasizes the primary role of autotrophic production in large rivers, is the most viable of the remaining two ecosystem models for the constricted-channel region of the Ohio based on stable isotope linkage between sources and consumers of organic matter in the food web. The most important form of food web organic matter is apparently transported (suspended) fine (FTOM) and ultra-fine particulate organic matter. We propose that phytoplankton and detritus of an autochthonous origin in the seston would represent a more usable energy source for benthic (bivalve molluscs, hydropsychid caddisflies) and planktonic (microcrustaceans) suspension feeders than the more refractory allochthonous materials derived from upstream processing of terrestrial organic matter. Benthic grazers depend heavily on nonfilamentous benthic algae (based on gut analysis from a separate study), but filamentous benthic algae have no apparent connection to invertebrate consumers (based on δC values). Amphipod and crayfish show a strong relationship to aquatic ma...

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“…Field experiments were conducted at two sites in the upper Mississippi River, just below Winona, MN (Mississippi River kilometres 1157 and 1164), and at three sites on the Ohio River just upstream of Louisville, KY (Ohio River kilometres 922, 927 and 932). The average annual discharge at Winona is 807 m 3 s -1 (historical daily range ϭ 64-7476 m 3 s -1 for 66 years of data; Mitton, Hess & Guttormson, 1995), whereas the discharge at Louisville is 3273 m 3 s -1 (daily range of 59-31 432 m 3 s -1 for 63 years of data; McClain, Byrd & Brown, 1994). The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers have relatively natural hydrographs in comparison to rivers with high dams (J. H. Thorp, unpublished data) and flow even during the summer, when the navigation dams partially impede them.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ experiments on predatory regulation of a bivalve mollusc (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers

1998

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1. In situ exclosure experiments in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers determined the importance of fish predation in regulating zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), an increasingly important constituent of the benthic invertebrate assemblages in both rivers. 2. We evaluated the effects of predatory fish on the density, biomass and size distribution of zebra mussels in a floodplain reach of the upper Mississippi River and in a naturally constrained reach of the Ohio River. Fifty, six‐sided, predator‐exclusion cages and fifty ‘partial’ cages (mesh at the upstream end only) were deployed, with half the cages containing willow snags and half clay tiles suspended 12–16 cm above the bottom. A single snag or tile sample unit was removed from each cage at approximately monthly intervals from July to October 1994. Types and relative abundances of molluscivorous fish were evaluated by electrofishing near the cages in both rivers. Actual and potential recruitment of young zebra mussels on to the substrata were measured using benthic samples in both rivers and estimated (Ohio River only) from counts of planktonic veligers. 3. Zebra mussels were consumed by at least three fish species in the upper Mississippi River (mostly carp, Cyprinus carpio, and redhorse suckers, Moxostoma sp.) and five species in the Ohio River (primarily smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus), but potential recruitment seemed adequate to replace consumed mussels, at least in the Ohio River. The number of juvenile benthic mussels showed no apparent link with the density of veligers soon after initiation of reproduction. Recruitment of juveniles on snags and tiles was not affected by cage type (thus eliminating a potentially confounding ‘cage effect’). 4. Fish significantly influenced mussel populations, but the impact was often greatest among low density populations in the upper Mississippi. Density and biomass differed in both rivers for cage type (higher inside cages), substratum (greater on tiles), and date (increased over time). Presumed size‐selective predation was present in the Mississippi (greater on larger size classes) but was not evident in the Ohio. We hypothesize that fish in the Mississippi can more easily select larger prey from the low density populations; whereas size‐selective predation on tightly packed zebra mussels in the Ohio would be difficult. 5. Although fish can reduce numbers of Dreissena polymorpha in the two rivers, current levels of fish predation seem insufficient to regulate zebra mussel densities because of its great reproductive capacity. The recent invasion of zebra mussels, however, could lead to larger fish populations while promoting greater carbon retention and overall ecosystem secondary production.

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Water resources data, Kentucky. Water year 1991

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997–98

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997–98

Isotopic analysis of three food web theories in constricted and floodplain regions of a large river

In situ experiments on predatory regulation of a bivalve mollusc (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers

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