Water relations, temperatures, and mineral nutrients in Pedicularis dasyantha (Scrophulariaceae) from Svalbard, Norway

Gauslaa, Yngvar; Odasz, Ann Marie

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00596.x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although high concentrations of nutrients in general and N in particular have been reported previously in the leaves of parasitic angiosperms (Lamont 1983;Gauslaa 1990;Gauslaa and Odasz 1990;Michelsen et al 1998), much less is known about concentrations in litter. In this study, the difference in N concentration between hemiparasites and autotrophic species was even larger in litter than in green leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The hemiparasitic angiosperm Bartsia alpina has the potential to accelerate decomposition in sub-arctic communities

et al. 2002

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We investigated the hypothesis that hemiparasites accelerate nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor communities. Hemiparasites concentrate nutrients in their leaves, thus potentially producing high quality litter that releases nutrients that would otherwise remain in host tissues or in slowly decomposing plant litter. This hypothesis was tested using species from a European sub-arctic community where root hemiparasites are abundant. The N content of green leaves, and the N, P and C content of leaf litter were measured in seven species of root hemiparasitic Scrophulariaceae, and nine species of commonly co-occurring dwarf shrubs, graminoids and herbs. Fresh leaves of the hemiparasites had greater N concentrations than leaves of dwarf shrubs, graminoids or herbs. This difference was even more marked in litter, with hemiparasite litter containing 1.8-4.1% N, between 1.8 and 8.5 times as much N as in the litter of commonly co-occurring species. Litter of the hemiparasitic plant Bartsia alpina and of three commonly co-occurring dominant species of dwarf shrub was decomposed alone and in two species mixtures, in a laboratory microcosm experiment. Bartsia litter decomposed faster and lost between 5.4 and 10.8 times more N than that of the dwarf shrubs over the 240 days of the experiment. Mixtures of dwarf shrub and hemiparasite litter showed significantly more mass loss and CO release than expected, while nutrient release was the same as or less than expected. It is concluded that hemiparasites have the potential to enhance decomposition and nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The hemiparasitic angiosperm Bartsia alpina has the potential to accelerate decomposition in sub-arctic communities

et al. 2002

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“…Xylem-feeding parasitic plants often have higher transpiration rates than their hosts (Raven, 1983 ;Press, Tuohy & Stewart, 1987 ;Gauslaa & Odasz, 1990), and S. hermonthica in association with maize is no exception (A. Taylor & W. E. Seel, unpublished).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Striga hermonthica‐induced changes in soil matric potential cause the reduction in stomatal conductance and growth of infected maize plants?

Taylor

Seel

1998

New Phytologist

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Maize (Zea mays L.) plants parasitized by the root hemi-parasitic angiosperm, Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., consistently display a range of symptoms similar to those found in droughted plants. The mechanisms by which these changes occur are largely unknown. However, S. hermonthica has unusually high rates of transpiration, and stomata which are relatively insensitive to water deficit. Consequently, it has often been suggested that the parasite might cause a severe depletion of the available water in the host's rooting zone. To determine whether the lower stomatal conductance and retarded growth of infected plants could be a result of parasite-induced water deficit, we have monitored the matric potential of the growth medium, water use, growth and stomatal conductance of infected vs. uninfected maize plants.Host plant height and stomatal conductance of parasitized plants were significantly lower than those of control plants from 31 or 37 d after planting (d.a.p.) respectively. However, there was no indication of an increase in the rate of water depletion in the rooting zone of infected plants until approx. 63 d into the parasitic association. In fact, from 39 until 59 d.a.p. infected plants used less water than uninfected control plants, probably the result of the plants having fewer expanded leaves during part of this period, combined with the lower stomatal conductance exhibited by the infected plants from day 37 onwards. Leaf RWC of infected plants was unchanged in comparison with that of uninfected plants, therefore the change in stomatal conductance was not a response to dehydration of the leaf tissue. Our results indicate that parasitism by S. hermonthica does not cause an increase in water uptake\use in the host until well after most of the symptoms of infection have become fully established. It is highly unlikely, therefore, that the observed effects on the host are primarily due to soil water deficit.

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“…and Press, 1993;and references therein). Although some hemiparasites are reported with only one host (like Pedicularis dasyantha, Gauslaa and Odasz, 1990), E. frigida are found connected to a variety of hosts . Euphrasia frigida may also grow and reproduce unattached to a host ).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Natural Disturbance on Growth, Reproduction, and Population Density in the Alpine Annual HemiparasiteEuphrasia frigida

Nyléhn

Totland

1999

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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The effects of temperature and "natural disturbance" on growth, seed production, and population density in the facultative hemiparasitic annual Euphrasia jrigida (Scrophulariaceae) were examined in the middle alpine zone at Finse, southwest Norway. Experimentally elevated temperature increased growth and seed production significantly. Higher temperatures resulted in a small decrease in population densities during three seasons. The degree of "natural disturbance" did not influence growth and seed production, but population density was highest at intermediate disturbance levels. Thus, while temperature influenced the performance of E. frigida, disturbance affected the population dynamics. The effects of temperature on growth and reproduction may also be indirect on hemiparasites, through improved conditions for the host plants under elevated temperatures. It is hypothesized that the predicted global warming will result in increased seed output from E. jrigida plants in the middle alpine zone. Population densities, however, are likely to decrease under elevated temperatures, due to lower disturbance levels by frost heave and increased vegetation cover.

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Water relations, temperatures, and mineral nutrients in Pedicularis dasyantha (Scrophulariaceae) from Svalbard, Norway

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

The hemiparasitic angiosperm Bartsia alpina has the potential to accelerate decomposition in sub-arctic communities

The hemiparasitic angiosperm Bartsia alpina has the potential to accelerate decomposition in sub-arctic communities

Do Striga hermonthica‐induced changes in soil matric potential cause the reduction in stomatal conductance and growth of infected maize plants?

Effects of Temperature and Natural Disturbance on Growth, Reproduction, and Population Density in the Alpine Annual HemiparasiteEuphrasia frigida

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