Water relations of winter wheat

Gregory, P. J.; McGowan, M.; Biscoe, P. V.; Hunter, Britney

doi:10.1017/s0021859600038223

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The root biomass dynamics observed in our experiment were similar to those found in other studies of cereals (Gregory et al, 1978;Hansson, 1987;Kmoch, 1961;Smukalski and Obenauf, 1990;Welbank, 1974). Root biomass increased until mid-or late June, the time of ear emergence and anthesis, and decreased significantly thereafter in all treatments until harvest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In our experiment, samples in C, I and IF were taken on 20 June, two days before ear emergence, to obtain good estimates of the maximum root biomass. Estimates of the biomass of living roots at ear emergence in our experiment were similar to (Connor, 1975;Gregory et al, 1978;Welbank et al, 1974) or somewhat less than (Pasternak, Winter wheat and root biomass 27 1974) values reported for different varieties of winter wheat under various climatic conditions. The accuracy of the data was not high enough to prove if the earlier peaking in root biomass in treatment IF, compared with the other treatments, was an artefact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For example, in Gregory et al (1978) the value for winter wheat at harvest was 7%. In a Polish investigation (Pasternak, 1974) the roots of winter wheat in the topsoil (0-30cm) alone accounted for 12% of the total biomass at the time when above-ground biomass was at its maximum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wheat root biomass and nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation and fertilization

1993

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Root biomass, root nitrogen content, and root distribution down to 50 cm depth in winter wheat were determined by soil coring on five dates in four different treatments: control (C), drought (D), daily irrigation (I), and daily irrigation and fertilization (IF). The first three treatments received the N fertilizer application as a single dose in spring, whereas in IF daily doses of N were supplied in the irrigation water using a drip-tube system, according to the estimated nutrient demand of the crop. All • 9 --1 treatments received 20 g N m -year .The maximum root biomass (104 g m 2) was reached earliest in IF. On 6 June, root samples were taken down to a depth of 100cm, and the proportion of deep roots (50-100cm) was least in I, indicating that it had the shallowest root system. The root biomass as a fraction of the total plant mass decreased during crop development in all treatments down to about 4% at harvest. The decrease was more rapid in I and C than in D and IF. The higher proportion of roots during spring in D and IF coincided with a low nitrogen concentration in the roots, which was attributed to the restricted water supply and to the relative shortage of nitrogen during early crop development in D and IF, respectively. The dynamics of mass and nitrogen in macroscopic organic debris in the soil suggested that root turnover rates were high.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Wheat root biomass and nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation and fertilization

1993

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“…This variate, d63, provides a useful measure of the extent of the rooting system, which should be related to thermal time (Barraclough and Leigh, 1984). The data of Gregory et al (1978) were used to test whether Equation (3) could be used to express this relationship. The root profile data from three of their samplings were used in Equation (8) to give values of J~ these were then used to find the values of Pa that corresponded to the greatest depth of root penetration, giving a mean Pd of 99.75 percent.…”

Section: Rooting Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. Values of d63 obtained from the root data of Gregory et al (1978) related to thermal time. Curve calculated from Equation (3) with A (for d63 ) = 43cm, k = 2.787 • 10-3(~ -1, and n = 1.5. was assumed to be 1.5, as for N uptake and dry matter, and the most appropriate values of A and k were found by testing values of A in the logarithmic form of Equation (3), which is shown in Appendix 1.…”

Section: Rooting Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A function for describing nitrogen uptake, dry matter production and rooting by wheat crops

Whitmore

Addiscott

1987

Plant Soil

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The quantities, Y, of nitrogen taken up, and dry matter produced, at various times during the growth of six winter wheat crops at Rothamsted were shown to be related to thermal time, x, based on soil temperature, by a simple equationwhere A is the ultimate maximum of Y, n a shape factor and k a rate constant that is related to A and n through x', the inflexion point of the function. The value of n was 1.5 for both N uptake and dry matter. The value of A for N uptake, Au, was well described by a multiple regression on sowing data, t,, expressed as the number of days after August 31 st, and rainfall, R~pr, in the April before harvest, but no such regression could be found for the value of A for dry matter, AD. The rate constants, ks and ko, for N-uptake and dry-matter production respectively, could be related to the date of sowing and the weather through the corresponding inflexion points,x'N and x'o. Highly significant regressions were found, for x'u on the time, ts:, between sowing and the return of the soil to field capacity and for x'o on the reciprocal of t~. The function was used to generate N uptake curves from values of Au and ku (obtained from x'u) given by inserting the appropriate values of RApt, t~ and t,:in the regressions. These fitted measured N uptakes satisfactorily for the six crops used to obtain the regressions, and four grown subsequently, at Rothamsted, and also for six crops at Woburn. Values of Ao had to be set arbitrarily because no regression had been found to predict them, but using these arbitrary values in the function gave dry matter curves that fitted the measurements satisfactorily for all ten Rothamsted crops and two of the Woburn crops. Tests for seasonal and site effects showed that Au was influenced more by differences between the two sites than by seasonal differences other than those in RApt, whereas Ao was strongly influenced by these seasonal differencess and very little by those between the sites.

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Comparing the deep root growth and water uptake of intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza®) to alfalfa

et al. 2022

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AimsWater is the most important yield-limiting factor worldwide and drought is predicted to increase in the future. Perennial crops with more extensive and deep root systems could access deep stored water and build resilience to water shortage. In the context of human nutrition, perennial grain crops are very interesting. However, it is still questionable whether they are effective in using subsoil water. We compared intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza ® ) Thinopyrum intermedium, a perennial grain crop, to alfalfa Medicago sativa, a perennial forage, for subsoil root growth and water uptake. MethodsUsing TDR sensors, deuterium tracer labelling, minirhizotrons and the Hydrus-1D model we characterised the root distribution and water uptake patterns of these two perennial crops during two cropping seasons under eld conditions down to 2.5 m soil depth. ResultsBoth crops grew roots down to 2.0 m depth that were active in water uptake but alfalfa was deeper rooted than intermediate wheatgrass. All experimental methods concluded that alfalfa used more water from below 1.0 m depth than intermediate wheatgrass. However, simulations predicted that intermediate wheatgrass used more than 20 mm of water after anthesis from below 1 m soil depth. Simulations con rmed the advantage of deep roots in accessing deep soil water under drought. ConclusionsIn regions with high groundwater recharge, growing deep-rooted perennial crops have great potential to exploit deep soil water that is often left unused. However, the road to a pro table perennial grain crop is still long and breeding intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza ® ) cultivars for increased root growth at depth seems to be a worthy investment for the development of more drought tolerant cultivars.

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Water relations of winter wheat

Abstract: The authors regret the following errors: Page 102, Appendix Table 1, lines 13, 15, 17, 20 and 22 of the Table should be amended as follows:

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Wheat root biomass and nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation and fertilization

Wheat root biomass and nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation and fertilization

A function for describing nitrogen uptake, dry matter production and rooting by wheat crops

Comparing the deep root growth and water uptake of intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza®) to alfalfa

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