Water reclamation and reuse: implementation and management issues

Bixio, D.; Thoeye, C.; Wintgens, Thomas; Ravazzini, A.; Miska, V.; Muston, M.; Chikurel, Haim; Aharoni, A.; Joksimovic, Darko; Melin, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.10.039

Cited by 103 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, many dedicated studies have been focused on the use of advanced water treatment technologies for effective removal these trace organic contaminants, thus allowing for the utilisation of non-conventional water sources such as treated effluent. Around the world, a number of water reclamation facilities have been built to provide a supplementary source of water supply [7,8]. In many countries including the USA, Singapore, and several European states, water recycling has been shown to be a successful strategy to ensure the replenishment of catchment or reservoir for potable water supply and reduce dependency on sources vulnerable to climate change [1,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries including the USA, Singapore, and several European states, water recycling has been shown to be a successful strategy to ensure the replenishment of catchment or reservoir for potable water supply and reduce dependency on sources vulnerable to climate change [1,8,9]. Examples of advanced treatment technologies widely used in water recycling applications to ensure sufficient removal of trace organic contaminants include nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet radiation [8,10]. Although these advanced treatment processes demonstrate efficient removal of a wide range of trace organic contaminants from impaired water resources, they can be energy intensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around the world, a number of water reclamation facilities have been built to provide a supplementary source of water supply [7,8]. In many countries including the USA, Singapore, and several European states, water recycling has been shown to be a successful strategy to ensure the replenishment of catchment or reservoir for potable water supply and reduce dependency on sources vulnerable to climate change [1,8,9]. Examples of advanced treatment technologies widely used in water recycling applications to ensure sufficient removal of trace organic contaminants include nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet radiation [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation

Xie

Price

Nghiem

2012

Separation and Purification Technology

146

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. a b s t r a c tThe effects of feed solution pH and membrane orientation on water flux and the rejection of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole were investigated using a bench scale forward osmosis (FO) system. Water flux was pH-dependent in both membrane orientations. In addition, water flux increased while the specific reverse salt flux and hydrogen ion flux decreased with increasing feed solution pH. Water flux was lower in the normal FO mode compared to that in the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode because osmotic pressure differential was reduced due to the internal concentration polarisation (ICP) phenomenon. The rejection of neutral carbamazepine was generally pH independent in both membrane orientations. The rejection of carbamazepine in the PRO mode was lower than that in the FO mode due to the higher concentration gradient caused by concentrative ICP in porous supporting layer. Steric hindrance was probably the main separation mechanism for the neutral carbamazepine in the FO process. On the other hand, the rejection of sulfamethoxazole was significantly affected by the feed solution pH in both membrane orientations. Variation in the rejection sulfamethoxazole could be attributed to the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged FO membrane surface and varying effective charge of the sulfamethoxazole molecule. Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation

Xie

Price

Nghiem

2012

Separation and Purification Technology

146

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“…No single set of water quality guidelines is universally applicable. Many factors, including the level of technology, economic status, relative associated risk and field conditions, influence the variability of guidelines among nations [3,14,15]. The common standards are adapted to make water safe to drink.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Drinking Water (Surface and Ground) Quality Beneficial to Human Use

Mandour¹

2013

J Pollut Eff Cont

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Water quality guidelines can be used to identify constituents of concern in water, to determine the levels to which the constituents of water must be treated for drinking purposes. Membrane technology for the water cycle is playing an important role in the provision of safe water supply and treatment. The aim of this paper is to improve the water quality, to be valid for domestic purposes, through minimizing the health risks associated with either direct or indirect use of water. The need for standards and guidelines in water quality stems from the need to protect human health.

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“…Reclaimed water is used for a variety of purposes, such as agriculture, irrigation, construction activities, artificial lakes, or even to make drinking water (Bixio et al, 2008;. One of the principal concerns with this practice is that many contaminants are not removed during the wastewater treatment and are recalcitrant and ubiquitous (Fatta-Kassinos et al, 2011).…”

Section: Water Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Beyond the Analysis of Common Contaminants: Target, Suspect, and Non-Target Analysis of Complex Environmental Matrices by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Huba¹

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Water reclamation and reuse: implementation and management issues

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation

Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation

Improvement of Drinking Water (Surface and Ground) Quality Beneficial to Human Use

Going Beyond the Analysis of Common Contaminants: Target, Suspect, and Non-Target Analysis of Complex Environmental Matrices by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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