This study was performed on fifty-two drinking tap water samples (surface and groundwater) collected from different districts of Dakahlia Governorate and fifty-two breast milk samples from lactating mothers hosted in Dakahlia Governorate hospitals. All these samples were subjected to lead analysis. Lead level in drinking groundwater showed higher levels than in drinking surface water. Also, an elevation of lead levels in breast milk of mothers drinking groundwater was noticed when compared with that of mothers drinking surface water. The comparison between mean lead levels in drinking water and mothers' breast milk samples showed positive relationship. Lead concentrations in breast milk of the studied samples were elevated by exposure to smoking. We conclude that prolonged contact with lead plumbing can increase the lead content in tap water with subsequent increase in lead burden in infant fed formula and infant blood. Also, we recommend that chemical analyses must be carried out periodically for the surface and groundwater to ensure the water suitability for drinking purposes. Passive exposure to smoking during lactation should be avoided. Capsule: Prolonged contact with lead plumbing can increase the lead content in tap water with subsequent increase in lead burden in infant fed formula and infant blood.
This study conducted on 423 inhabitant (372 adults and 51 children) blood samples were collected from patients hosted in the Emergency Hospital of Mansoura University. The clinical diagnosis of such patients was acute insecticides poisoning. The aim of the present study is to study patients with cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor organophosphorus insecticides intoxication from the laboratory point of view. The plasma samples were analyzed for levels of ChE enzyme and acetyl cholinesterase enzyme activity by spectrophotometer. The pesticides were identified using Gas Chromatography-Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). The results of GC-ECD instrument of all patients revealed that parathion (organophosphorous insecticide) poisoning was found in their blood samples. The mode of poisoning was accidentally by inhalation and skin contact. The poisoning cases of children were of mild poisoning. The degrees of poisoning of adults were severe in 138, moderate in 201 and mild in 33 cases. In conclusion, results of the present study revealed that the widely used insecticides in Dakahlyia governorate are the organophosphorous insecticides specifically parathion insecticide.
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