Water Reclamation and Reuse

Abstract

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to water reclamation and reuse is presented. The review is divided into the following sections: (1) General: extent of reuse, research needs, guidelines and monitoring, health effects; (2) Treatment technologies: integrated process design, membrane treatment, membrane bioreactors, electrocoagulation, ion exchange and adsorption, disinfection, wetlands, managed aquifer recharge; (3) Planning and management: public acceptance and education, economics/pricing, water quality planning and management and project/case studies. Much of the water treatment research focuses on membrane treatment, integrated designs, and other innovative technologies.

Hydrogel, Electrospun and Composite Materials for Bone/Cartilage and Neural Tissue Engineering

“…Using electrospun polymeric materials is more common in peripheral nervous system regeneration than for central nervous system therapies. Numerous collagen type-I scaffolds, dedicated neural tissue engineering, have FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval, such as NeuroMatrix™, Neuroflex™ [148], Neuragen ® [149], Neurolac™ [150], NeuroTube ® [151,152], Salutunnel [153] and others [154][155][156][157]. They usually serve as nerve conduits and are formed into tubular structures to effectively bridge nerve gaps, preserve the injured nerve against scarring and guide the regeneration of axons by mechanical stimulation.…”

Integral Management of Irrigation Water in Intensive Horticultural Systems of Almería

“…Phytodepuration technologies are an alternative to conventional methods of wastewater treatment [71]. These technologies are based on natural processes involving vegetation, soils and associated microbial assemblages to treat wastewaters [72].…”