Water Quality in Hydroelectric Sites

Bunea, Florentina; Bucur, Diana Maria; Dumitran, Gabriela Elena; Ciocan, Gabriel Dan

doi:10.5772/32078

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In the context of sustainable development, the ecological degradation of rivers caused by the implementation of a hydropower plant (HPP) on the watercourse is not acceptable. The most critical situations are in the case of high dams, where the water intake for the hydraulic turbines is in the bottom layers of the reservoir, where the dissolved oxygen (DO) level is minimal due to the high pressure, organic matter content, and nutrients concentration [2]. Moreover, when the water passes through the hydraulic turbine, the DO level continues to decrease due to the decreasing pressure and, at the turbine outlet, the DO level can be lower than the minimum value required for the aquatic life (approximately 4-6 mg/L [3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Turbine Performance Assessment with Implementation of an Innovative Aeration System

Bunea

Ciocan

Bucur

et al. 2021

Water

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The environmentally friendly concept in terms of water quality represents a condition for developing hydropower plants all around the world. Since 2017, hydropower has represented more than 70% of all renewable energy production and it is essential for the integration of the other renewable sources of energy and for regulation of the grid. To maintain the “green” label concerning the dissolved oxygen level (6 mg DO/L), the energy suppliers should respond to environmental concerns about the operation of hydropower plants. In the context of sustainable development, the ecological degradation of rivers is unacceptable due to the implementation of a hydropower plant on the watercourse. For deep reservoirs or tropical regions, the oxygen level in the water downstream of the hydropower plants may be low and affect the aquatic life for many kilometers downstream. This paper presents a new aeration system for discharged water from hydropower plants that provides water aeration with minimum energy consumption. The influence of the aeration process on the turbine operation and efficiency is analyzed. Experimental measurements are carried out on site on a small Francis turbine. The influence of the aeration process on the turbine mechanical performances (vibration level and relative displacement) and hydraulic performances (turbine efficiency, power output, and pressure fluctuation) is analyzed. The results showed that the impact of the aeration device implementation and operation over the energetic characteristics of the turbine is in the efficiency measurements accuracy range. The aeration through this device did not influence the turbine operation (vibration, level, or pressure fluctuations).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Turbine Performance Assessment with Implementation of an Innovative Aeration System

Bunea

Ciocan

Bucur

et al. 2021

Water

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“…El beneficio es indiscutible, producción de electricidad, nuevas líneas económicas como proyectos piscícolas y turísticos, sin embargo, cada una de estas actividades consume gran cantidad de agua produciendo un impacto ambiental negativo sobre los cuerpos de agua [3], causando desviación y fragmentación de los causes de los ríos, a su vez produce bloqueo del movimiento de animales que viven en estos hábitats [7], [8], disminución de caudales necesarios para los ciclos vitales de peces aguas abajo del sitio de descarga [9], se ve afectada la biodiversidad, aumento de peces invasores y disminución de peces nativos tanto aguas arriba como aguas debajo de una represa [10], [11]. Se puede producir erosión del suelo de las laderas del embalse por el desprendimiento de minerales y materia orgánica, aumentando la sedimentación [12], [13], procesos de eutrofización [14] que generan cambios en los niveles de oxígeno disuelto (OD) [15], variaciones en el pH, temperatura; adicional, sobre los cuerpos de agua que surten los embalses se vierten aguas residuales industriales y domésticas cargadas de microorganismos patógenos resistentes a diversos antibióticos, aumentando su carga contaminante [14], [16]. Evaluar la calidad de estas aguas es preponderante para determinar su posible uso, la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos, y la toma de decisiones frente al control y mitigación del riesgo sanitario [17]- [20].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluación de la calidad del agua en el embalse hidroeléctrico El Quimbo

2020

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Los embalses construidos para las hidroeléctricas además de proveer energía, también son reservorios de agua para consumo humano, animal y riego en cultivos agrícolas, por tal motivo es importante evaluar la calidad de estas aguas periódicamente. Este estudio diagnosticó la calidad de agua del embalse El Quimbo usando el Índice Simplificado de Calidad del Agua (ISQA) el cual contempla la medición oxígeno disuelto (OD), conductividad, temperatura, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST). Se tomaron muestras en siete puntos del embalse, tres puntos a lo largo del embalse y cuatro en los cuerpos de agua que surten el reservorio, esto durante seis salidas de campo, desde mayo hasta octubre de 2017. Así mismo, en los tres puntos del embalse se tomaron muestras a diferentes profundidades (0.1, 5.0 y 10.0 m). Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los análisis fisicoquímicos descritos anteriormente mostraron que en promedio el agua del embalse es de buena calidad, con potencial uso para la pesca, recreación, y no aptas para consumo humano sin tratamiento convencional; por otro lado, el agua de los afluentes se calificó en promedio como de mediana calidad, destacando la quebrada Guandinosa, la cual presentó el valor más bajo de ISQA (35.2), clasificando su uso para recreación, riego y uso industrial.

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“…For example, for water treatment, energy consumption is the highest for aeration processes, as compressed air is an expensive working medium. The same behavior occurs in aeration for biological purposes, for example in fish farming, or in water aeration downstream of hydraulic turbines, in which the design of the aeration systems (orifice diameter, configuration, operating conditions, and location) may significantly improve the quality of turbine aeration [1,2]. The aerator design parameters are used to determine the best balance between oxygen transfer (volume of air injected and size and shape of generated bubbles) and energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Standard Aeration Efficiency in a Bubble Column

Bunea¹,

Ciocan²

2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Water aeration is a major feature in many industrial applications, for example, hydraulic turbines, fish farms, water treatment, and so on. A key consideration is the efficiency of the aeration itself, that is, the effectiveness of the transfer of oxygen from air to water in relation to the energy consumed by injection. In this chapter, several configurations of the aerator are analyzed for overall efficiency optimization. Two different parameters are investigated (the arrangement of aeration apertures and aperture diameters between 0.2 and 1.6 mm) using aerators with perforated metal plates and, for comparison, ceramic and fritted (sintered) glass plates. For the arrangement of the apertures on the perforated metal plates, bubble coalescence and contraction coefficients are measured. Each configuration's results (Kla, SOTR, SAE) are compared and analyzed.

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Water Quality in Hydroelectric Sites

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Hydraulic Turbine Performance Assessment with Implementation of an Innovative Aeration System

Hydraulic Turbine Performance Assessment with Implementation of an Innovative Aeration System

Evaluación de la calidad del agua en el embalse hidroeléctrico El Quimbo

Experimental Study of Standard Aeration Efficiency in a Bubble Column

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