Water quality assessment of sacred glacial Lake Satopanth of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Sharma, Ramesh C.; Kumar, Rahul

doi:10.1007/s13201-017-0638-x

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the formulation of WQI, the 'standards' (permissible values of various parameters) for the drinking water used in this study were those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004). The calculation and formulation of the WQI involved the following steps (Prati et al, 1971;Sharma & Kumar, 2017;Kumar et al, 2018):…”

Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though, few works have been done on different aspects of glacial lakes. These include the works of Ageta et al (2000) on glacier lakes of Bhutan; Raj et al (2013) on glacial lakes of Sikkim; Ghimire et al (2013) on Gokyo and Imja Lakes; Pu et al (2013) on glacial Lake Ximencuo; Che et al (2014) on glacial lakes of Tibbet; Bhambri et al (2015) on inventory of glacier lakes of Uttarakhand; Sharma and Kumar (2017) on glacier-fed Lake Satopanth; Wu et al (2017) on water quality assessment Poyang Lake; Chaudhary et al (2018) on water quality of Deoria Tal; Rana et al (2018) on Himalayan lake Beni Tal; and Kumar et al (2018) on high altitude lake Dodi Tal. However, no work has been done so far on the water quality of the glacier-fed lake, Neel Tal of Garhwal Himalaya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the water quality of Glacier-fed lake Neel Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Kumar

Sharma

2019

Water Science

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Neel Tal is a glacier-fed lake, located at an altitude of 4,382 m above m.s.l. in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. This lake is located at 30 Km from Gangotri, the world famous shrine of Hindus and 13 Km from the snout of Gangotri glacier known as "Gaumukh", that has been considered as the origin place of Holy River 'Ganga'. Assessment of surface water quality of a high altitude lake is important for providing drinking water to the trekkers, sages, and consumption by wildlife along with its conservation and management. Water Quality Index (WQI) method was applied to assess the water quality of Neel Tal, using 18 water quality parameters. The data for all the physical, chemical and biological parameters were collected in the months of June and August for a period of two years during 2014 and 2015 due to the accessibility of the lake as it remains under freezed condition for most of the time. The value of WQI was estimated to be 17.85 based on all the water quality parameters, which categorized the quality of water as 'excellent' during the study period. The coliform test also supported the findings of water quality of Neel Tal by WQI method.

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Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the water quality of Glacier-fed lake Neel Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Kumar

Sharma

2019

Water Science

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“…The color of the water was changing from brown (st. 1) to clayey (st. 4,5) in the different parts of the Arys River. The color of the water in the tributaries varied from colorless (st. 7 and spring) to various shades of gray and green (st. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper sections of the river, along with the main tributaries, are located far from sources of anthropogenic impact. Like other mountain water bodies [5,6], the mountainous part of the Syr Darya basin is characterized by high-quality water. The plains of the river basin are prone to contamination caused by the use of water in industry, utilities, agriculture, and livestock [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Mapping in Assessing the Impact of Environmental Factors on the Aquatic Ecosystem of the Arys River Basin, South Kazakhstan

2019

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Assessment of the water quality of the Arys River basin based on the spatial distribution of richness of phytoperiphyton communities and abiotic variables was given for the first time. Altogether, 82 species were revealed in phytoperiphyton, including Bacillariophyta of 51, Cyanobacteria of 20, Chlorophyta of 7, and Charophyta of 4. Cluster analysis revealed the uniqueness of the composition of periphyton communities related to the abiotic conditions. The environmental preferences of the algae indicated fresh organic pollution in the lower reaches of the Arys River and weak or moderate levels of organic pollution in the rest of the basin. The ecological mapping of chemical data generally confirmed this conclusion. According to the maps, the highest water quality was revealed in the upper stream of the basin. The middle part of the river basin had the lowest water quality in terms of transparency, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen. The downstream of the Arys was characterized by a secondary deterioration in water quality according to the Aquatic Ecosystem State Index (WESI) index. We revealed the complicated interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors that caused changes in water quality in the Arys River basin.

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“…Different water chemistry research has been carried out by several researchers on high-altitude lakes of the Indian Himalayas (Chakrapani 2002;Das 2005;Jeelani and Shah 2006;Dash et al 2008;Saini et al 2008;Sarah et al 2011;Purushothaman et al 2012;Najar and Khan 2012;Khan et al 2012;Singh and Jain 2013;Sheikh et al 2014;Singh et al 2016;Khadka et al 2021). However, no low down assessment has been done in the morainedammed lake Satopanth Tal in advance beside Bhambri et al (2013) proposed the area type by using the satellite imageries and Kumar et al (2017) on water quality index alone. Thus, the present study has attempted to assess the combined study on hydro-geochemical characteristics, and the stable isotopic investigation of The Garhwal Himalayan lake Satopanth Tal to understand the sources of dissolved ions and hydrogeochemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hydrogeochemical Processes and Dissolve Ion Chemistry in Satopanth Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Das¹,

Vasudevan²

2021

Preprint

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To grasp meltwater chemistry and geochemical processes influencing hydrogeochemistry, major ion chemistry of the glacial lake Satopanth Tal was carried out to provide relevant details on the dissolved ions sources, weathering, and hydrogeochemical processes as well as anthropogenic activities taking place throughout the lake setting. Twenty-one surficial water samples were collected and 12 different physicochemical parameters were analyzed to understand the hydrogeochemistry of the study area. The mean pH value was estimated to be 6.9 in the lake water, which indicates a marginally acidic. The ionic contribution through the organic matter decomposition has been indicated by the observation of dominancy of the total anions over the total cations. The most abundant anion was Cl− in Satopanth Tal, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ were significant cations in the water. The high ratios of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/TZ+, (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/(Na+ + K+), HCO3̶/(Ca2+ + Mg2+), and the higher Ca+/ Na+, Mg+/ Na+ and HCO3̶/ Na+ ratio indicate the supremacy of the weathering of carbonate as a significant source of dissolved ions in the study area's lake water. The lower equivalent ratios of Na+/Cl− and K+/Cl− are measured and substantially comparable results are observed that have been expected from the Gibbs plot and the stable isotope analysis suggests a reasonably significant contribution to the chemical composition of the Satopanth Tal water by these ions from atmospheric precipitation. The correlation and factor analysis show that water chemistry at Satopanth Tal is primarily influenced by weathering processes such as weathering of carbonate and silicate, pyrite oxidation.

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Water quality assessment of sacred glacial Lake Satopanth of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of the water quality of Glacier-fed lake Neel Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Assessment of the water quality of Glacier-fed lake Neel Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Ecological Mapping in Assessing the Impact of Environmental Factors on the Aquatic Ecosystem of the Arys River Basin, South Kazakhstan

Evaluation of Hydrogeochemical Processes and Dissolve Ion Chemistry in Satopanth Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, India

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