The enrichment of the protected Borovoe Lake with nutrients has taken place within the last 100 years, from the moment the first resort was formed on its shores. The purpose of this study was to assess the current ecological state of Borovoe based on the structure of zooplankton. According to the chemical data, in the summer of 2019, the content of nutrients in the water was, relatively, not high; the content of heavy metals was very low. Twenty-seven species were found in zooplankton. The average abundance of zooplankton was 988.8 thousand ind./m3 with a biomass of 1.52 g/m3. Rotifera dominated. Cladocera sub-dominated. The Shannon index values were 2.31 bit/ind. and 2.57 bit/mg; the values of Clarke’s W-statistics and Δ-Shannon were negative. The abundance of zooplankton increased more than nine times, but the average individual mass of an organism decreased from 0.0112 to 0.0016 mg over the past decade. Despite the relatively low content of nutrients, the structure of zooplankton demonstrated that the nutritional load on Lake Borovoe is currently close to critical. Statistical mapping of the data and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the primary source of lake pollution is the village of Borovoe and sanatoriums located on the southeast and northwest coasts.
The largest wastewater treatment systems include Sorbulak and Kurty reservoirs, and the small storage ponds were studied in the summer of 2017 and characterized mainly by organic pollution. Phytoplankton communities were represented by species tolerant of organic and toxic pollution. Cyanobacteria dominated in the reservoirs, and dinophyte algae were only in the Kurty Reservoir. According to the results of CCA analysis, only Cr and certain nutrients had a significant effect on the abundance of algae. A statistically positive significant association between the Shannon index and the average algal cell mass was established. The results obtained are a particular example reflecting the non-linearity of changes in plankton communities in the gradient of nutrient loading and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Rolle der Planktonalgen in der ökologischen Beurteilung von Staubecken im Einzugsgebiet des Ili-Balkhash.Die größten Abwasserbehandlungssysteme, das Sorbulak und Kurty Reservoir sowie kleinere Wasserspeicher, vor allem solche, die sich durch organische Verschmutzung kennzeichnen, wurden im Sommer 2017 untersucht. Die Phytoplankton-Gemeinschaften waren durch Arten vertreten, die gegenüber organischer und toxischer Verschmutzung tolerant sind. Cyanobacterien dominierten in den Stauseen, während Dinophyten nur im Kurty-Reservoir vorkamen. Nach den Ergebnissen der CCA-Analyse hatten nur Cr und einige Nährstoffe einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Abundanz der Algen. Es wurde ein statistisch positiv signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Shannon-Index und der durchschnittlichen Algenzellmasse festgestellt. Die erzielten Ergebnisse stellen ein besonderes Beispiel dar, das die Nichtlinearität von Veränderungen in Planktongemeinschaften in Bezug auf den Grad der Nährstoffbelastung und der Eutrophierung aquatischer Ökosysteme widerspiegelt.REZUMAT: Rolul algelor planctonice în evaluarea ecologică a lacurilor de acumulare din bazinul Ili-Balkhash.Cele mai mari sisteme de epurare a apelor uzate, inclusiv Sorbulak, rezervoarele Kurty și mici iazuri de depozitare, au fost studiate în vara anului 2017 fiind caracterizate în principal de poluarea organică. Comunitățile fitoplanctonice au fost reprezentate de specii care tolerează poluarea organică și toxică. Cianobacteriile au dominat rezervoarele, algele dinofile numai rezervorul Kurty. Conform rezultatelor analizei CCA, doar Cr și substanțele nutritive au avut un efect semnificativ asupra abundenței algelor. A fost stabilită o asociere pozitivă semnificativă statistic între indicele Shannon și masa medie a celulelor algelor. Rezultatele reprezintă un exemplu care reflectă nelinearitatea schimbărilor în comunitățile de plancton în gradientul încărcării cu nutrienți și al eutrofizării ecosistemelor acvatice.
The spatial distribution of species richness of phytoplankton was studied along the Balkhash Lake water area during the summer of 2004. With statistically weak connections of phytoplankton with environmental parameters, three-dimensional graphs revealed a complex character of its spatial variability in the gradient of environmental factors. Macrophytes had a stimulating effect on the species richness of planktonic algae. We found a correlation between species richness of Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta and Dinophyta and the ionic composition of water. The important role of temperature was traced. Species richness of algal communities increased with increasing temperature in the gradient of nutrients and correlated with the abundance of macrophytes.
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