Water-Processable Polymer−Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics

See, Kevin C.; Feser, Joseph P.; Chen, Cynthia E.; Majumdar, Arun; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Segalman, Rachel A.

doi:10.1021/nl102880k

Cited by 465 publications

(421 citation statements)

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“…Further improvement in electrical conductivity could be achieved by optimizing the hot press temperature and pressure, and related systematic studies are underway. Second, the Seebeck coefficient in our Te−Bi 2 Te 3 nanowire heterostructures (608 μV·K −1 at 300 K and 588 μV·K −1 at 400 K) is also considerably higher than that of Te nanowires (408 μV·K −1 at 298 K), 29 Te bulk crystals (340 μV·K −1 at 293 K), and pure Bi 2 Te 3 nanowires reported previously by our group (205 μV·K −1 at 300 K and 245 μV·K −1 at 400 K). 21 The largely enhanced Seebeck coefficient could result from the energy filtering effect occurring at grain−grain interfaces, as seen in Figure 5A in our hot pressed samples.…”

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confidence: 76%

“…34,35 Third, the thermal conductivity of our sample (0.365 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 300 K and 0.309 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 400 K) is only ∼16% of bulk Te crystal (2.27 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 293 K) and ∼26% of pure Bi 2 Te 3 nanowires reported previously (1.42 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 300 K and 1.19 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 400 K). 21 Such a low thermal conductivity is comparable to the Te nanowire−poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite (0.22−0.30 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 298 K) and pure organic PEDOT:PSS polymer (0.24−0.29 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 298 K), 29 which directly benefits from the enhanced phonon scattering at nanowire−nanowire, nanowire−plate, and plate−plate interfaces. Lastly and most importantly, the ZT of our Te−Bi 2 Te 3 nanowire heterostructure-based composite is more than two orders better than pure Te nanowires (0.0004 at 298 K) and 2.4 times better than the Te nanowire−PEDOT:PSS composite (0.1 at 298 K).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design Principle of Telluride-Based Nanowire Heterostructures for Potential Thermoelectric Applications

et al. 2012

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We present a design principle to develop new categories of telluride-based thermoelectric nanowire heterostructures through rational solution-phase reactions. The catalyst-free synthesis yields Te−Bi 2 Te 3 "barbell" nanowire heterostructures with a narrow diameter and length distribution as well as a rough control over the density of the hexagonal Bi 2 Te 3 plates on the Te nanowire bodies, which can be further converted to other telluride-based compositionalmodulated nanowire heterostructures such as PbTe−Bi 2 Te 3 . Initial characterizations of the hot-pressed nanostructured bulk pellets of the Te−Bi 2 Te 3 heterostructure show a largely enhanced Seebeck coefficient and greatly reduced thermal conductivity, which lead to an improved thermoelectric figure of merit. This approach opens up new platforms to investigate the phonon scattering and energy filtering.

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confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

Design Principle of Telluride-Based Nanowire Heterostructures for Potential Thermoelectric Applications

et al. 2012

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“…[ 12,13 ] Interestingly, the thermal conductivity of bulk polymers as well as conjugated macromolecules can be tuned by controlling molecular orientation. [14][15][16] In order to increase the modest electrical conductivity of polymers, a number of strategies have been proposed, including careful doping, [ 4,11,[17][18][19][20][21] making composites of polymers with conductive fi llers such as CNTs, [22][23][24] or fabricating multilayer composite A broad range of organic electronic applications rely on the availability of both p-and n-type organic semiconductors, and the possibility to deposit them as sequential layers or to form spatial patterns. Examples include transport layers in diodes (OLEDs, photovoltaics, etc.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201505521mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced p‐ to n‐type Switching in Thermoelectric Polymer‐Carbon Nanotube Composites

et al. 2016

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“…However, such PSS-based processes also experience difficulties with performance optimization. For example, the insulating PSS lamellas remain in the polymer matrix, 20,21 resulting in an amorphous polymer 22 with limited σ and S. 5,9 Compared to PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT doped with smallsized anions (S-PEDOTs), such as tosylate (OTs) or triflate (OTf), have greater potential for electrical applications because of their compact and ordered polycrystalline structure 23 that leads to higher σ and S. 22,[24][25][26] S-PEDOTs often exhibit large S 2 σ that can be further optimized by tuning the oxidation level. [27][28][29] However, these high quality films are hard to obtain due to their poor reaction controllability and difficult to put into practical use because of their limited film thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Shi

Qin

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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The inhibitor-dependent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) fabrication suffers major problems in the areas of controllability and film thickness. In this work, we found that anions play a key role in both the polymerization and the structure of PEDOT. As a precursor, anions greatly influence the reaction rate and oxidant solubility. In its role as a counter-ion, the anions also affect chain conductance and crystal growth. With these behaviors in mind, a self-inhibited polymerization approach using novel oxidants with appropriate anions was successfully developed to facilitate the fabrication of high quality in situ polymerized PEDOT films and solve the thickness limitation problem. Inhibitor-free heavy oxidative solutions with weakly basic anions enable the spin-coating of thick and homogeneous oxidant layers and also effectively inhibit both the crystallization of the oxidant and H + formation throughout the polymerization process. PEDOT: dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PEDOT:DBSA) exhibits the highest performance among all candidates due to its appropriate anion basicity and low steric effect. An extremely high doping level of 42.9% is achieved, and an electrical conductivity of~1100 S cm − 1 is successfully maintained for film thicknesses between 310 nm and 1.79 μm. In addition, the thermoelectric power factor (RT) for pristine films was improved to 77.2 μW mK − 2 from 69.6 μW mK − 2 by the dedoping treatment. This study provides a new approach for fabricating high performance PEDOT thick films using anion-based design. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e405; doi:10.1038/am.2017.107; published online 14 July 2017 INTRODUCTION Thermoelectric (TE) materials realize direct conversion between heat and electricity, which can be used in refrigeration and power generation. The performance of TE materials is characterized by the ZT value (S 2 σT/κ) or power factor (S 2 σ), where S, σ, T and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, absolute temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively. Conducting polymer TE materials possess the advantages of low κ, good flexibility and low cost in comparison with inorganic materials. 1-4 Among them, commercially available PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has received the most attention due to its excellent water processability and high σ ( refs 5-11 ) and is also widely used as an electrode or conductive adhesive material in applications including solar cells, 12,13 organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), 14,15 supercapacitors, 16,17 sensors 18,19 and so on. The PSS polyanion enables the formation of aqueous PEDOT:PSS solutions, which benefits both film printing and the synthesis of hybrid materials. However, such PSS-based processes also experience difficulties with performance optimization. For example, the insulating PSS lamellas remain in the polymer matrix, 20,21 resulting in an amorphous polymer 22 with limited σ and S. 5,9 Compared to PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT doped with smallsized anions (S-PEDOTs), such as tosylate (OTs) or triflate (OTf), have greater potential...

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Water-Processable Polymer−Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics

Cited by 465 publications

References 32 publications

Design Principle of Telluride-Based Nanowire Heterostructures for Potential Thermoelectric Applications

Design Principle of Telluride-Based Nanowire Heterostructures for Potential Thermoelectric Applications

Photoinduced p‐ to n‐type Switching in Thermoelectric Polymer‐Carbon Nanotube Composites

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

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