Water movement and isoproturon behaviour in a drained heavy clay soil: 2. Persistence and transport

Johnson, Andrew C.; Haria, Atul H.; Bhardwaj, C.L.; Völkner, C.; Batchelor, Charles; Walker, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90141-4

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the previous season, the remaining soil-surface residues had also appeared to be more persistent from late April onwards. 6 On day 121 (11 July) an attempt was made to assess whether pesticide residues had penetrated below the topsoil. From the soil pit 0.18 mg kg-' was found in the top 2 cm, and 0.29 mg kg-' between 2 and 10 cm.…”

Section: Spraying Pesticide Persistence In the Soil Surface Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the rainfall event, 0.073 g of isoproturon was measured leaving the plot (Table 2), 6.1% of that estimated to be in the aqueous phase. As with the day 27 event, less of the pesticide (21%) was transported than might have been estimated.…”

Section: May)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High pesticide concentrations were found in water collected during these events (up to 500 pg litre-' in the drain water). 6 Information from the soil hydrological instruments indicated that preferential flow either laterally or vertically was preceded by the onset of saturation and the development of a temporary perched water table in the t0psoi1.l~ No rise in the water table to the height of the drains was noted during any of the preferential flow events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preferential Flow Pathways and Their Capacity to Transport Isoproturon in a Structured Clay Soil

et al. 1996

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A field experiment was established to monitor preferential flow pathways and their capacity to transport isoproturon in a heavy clay soil. A hydrologically defined plot of 600 m2 at a field site on the Oxford University Farm at Wytham was created with integral flow monitoring and sampling devices. Data are presented from two flow events which occurred in April and May 1994. The highest concentrations of isoproturon (130 pg litre-') were observed in the drainage system. The vast majority of the 0.7% of applied pesticide that left the plot was via the drainage system (75-90%) with lateral subsurface flow accounting for a smaller proportion (max 23%). Whilst high pesticide concentrations could be found in overland-flow water, the volumes of water moved by this route were small (max 3%). Less water was estimated to have left the field in response to rainfall than in the previous year. This was attributed to decay of the mole drain system. Consequently the amount of applied pesticide lost in runoff (0.7%) was less than that estimated for the first year (1.5%). The work has shown that, even when a farmer follows best practice in the application of a herbicide to a winter cereal in a drained clay field, high concentrations of the herbicide (relative to the EC drinking water limit) will contaminate surrounding watercourses.

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Section: Spraying Pesticide Persistence In the Soil Surface Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: May)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preferential Flow Pathways and Their Capacity to Transport Isoproturon in a Structured Clay Soil

et al. 1996

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“…However, the presence of the products in the percolates (Fig. 3) leads us to suppose a displacement through the macroporosity and preferential flux (Johnson et al, 1994;Larsson and Jarvis, 1999;Novak et al, 2001). The following three rainfalls, from 19 to 33 days after treatment, exported more residues, especially due to the availability of products in the soil solution.…”

Section: Evolution Of Non-extractable Residues In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of the leaching behaviour of two maize herbicides: atrazine and sulcotrione

Cherrier

Boivin

Perrin-Ganier

et al. 2005

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-In a soil column experiment under outdoor conditions, we monitored the fate of 14 C-ring-labelled sulcotrione and atrazine in water percolates and in the ploughed horizon of a sandy-silty soil. The application rates were 1000 and 450 g·ha -1 , respectively, for atrazine and sulcotrione. Two months after treatment, the cumulative amounts of herbicide residues leached from the soil were 14.5% and 7% of the applied radioactivity for sulcotrione and atrazine, respectively. The maximum percolate concentrations for each herbicide were observed during the first month following application; 120 µg·L -1 and 95 µg·L -1 for sulcotrione and atrazine, respectively. After 2 weeks, 78% of the sulcotrione and atrazine was extractable from the soil, whereas after two months only 10% and 4%, respectively, could be extracted. The maximum sulcotrione and atrazine contents in the first ten centimetres of soil were identical. For both molecules, the content of non-extractable residues was low, being around 15%. The sulcotrione seems to be a more mobile product than the atrazine. Even if much smaller leachate concentrations would be expected to impact groundwater than those found in this study, the classification of the molecules would stay the same. soil columns / pesticide fate / bound residues / soil and water pollution

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“…Previous work has suggested that under some conditions the risk of pesticide leaching may be increased with a land-use change, if, for example, the number of cultivations on a field is reduced to minimize nitrate leaching (Rose et al 1991) since cultivation can cause clays to crack leading to the formation of preferential pathways. In addition, a study on clay soils by Johnson et al (1994) suggested that isoproturon and two inorganic solutes (sulphate and chloride) have different origins in the analysed drain water, with most of the pesticide being carried down to the drainage system by preferential flow from the soil surface.…”

Section: Atrazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide pollution of the Triassic Sandstone aquifer of South Yorkshire

Gooddy

Stuart

Lapworth

et al. 2005

QJEGH

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Diffuse pollutants such as pesticides pose a significant threat to groundwater quality. Following the wet autumn and winter of 2000-2001 an upturn in trace pesticide concentrations was detected in blended water drawn from part of the Triassic Sandstone aquifer. A groundwater sampling and monitoring programme was undertaken to assess whether this increase would continue. Over a period of 18 months, 190 groundwater samples were collected from the upper part of the aquifer and analysed for 40 pesticides and for nitrate. A total of 25 pesticides were found of which 16 were detected more than once. Positive pesticide detections were in excess of the EU maximum admissible concentration (MAC) for individual substances of 0.1 µg l-1 on 33% of occasions. The most commonly detected pesticides generally have higher agricultural application rates and/or relatively greater solubilities. Very high concentrations of mecoprop (up to 7.1 µg l-1) were consistently found at two of the sampling sites. Analysis of mecoprop enantiomers suggested more than one source for this contaminant. High concentrations of atrazine (up to 1.4 µg l-1) were also detected at three sites and high concentrations of isoproturon (1.2 µg l-1) were found where very high mecoprop concentrations were also present. Nitrate concentrations exceed the EU MAC of 11.3 mg l-1 N at four sites. The spatial and temporal distribution of pesticides obtained from the monitoring network shows no clear trends for prediction of future concentrations. Nitrate-N concentrations and pesticide detections show no clear relationship, suggesting different source, transport or degradation pathways.

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Water movement and isoproturon behaviour in a drained heavy clay soil: 2. Persistence and transport

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Preferential Flow Pathways and Their Capacity to Transport Isoproturon in a Structured Clay Soil

Preferential Flow Pathways and Their Capacity to Transport Isoproturon in a Structured Clay Soil

Comparison of the leaching behaviour of two maize herbicides: atrazine and sulcotrione

Pesticide pollution of the Triassic Sandstone aquifer of South Yorkshire

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