Water Loss Assessment and Remediation in South and Southeast Asia

Abstract. The analysis of water losses should precede the decisions on repairing or modernizing a water network. Water balance and water losses indicators established by the International Water Association (IWA) standards can constitute the basis for the analysis. The methods recommended by IWA are gaining increasing popularity in many countries, including Poland. The aim of the paper is the analysis and comparison of water losses in two middle-sized water distribution systems during the period of 10 years. The compared networks are similar in respect to many parameters, including water intensity indicator value (circa 48 m 3 /d/km). Analyses were conducted on the basis of water losses indices recommended by IWA, such as Real Losses Level per connection per day (RLL), Non-Revenue Water Level (NRWL) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). The results indicated that water losses in both systems are lower than in the literature data for other similar networks.

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“…3) [12]. The values of indicators were also compred to literature data for similar systems in Poland.…”

Section: Calculations Of Water Loss Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of water losses in two selected water distribution systems

et al. 2017

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“…Currently, the ILI is considered as one of the most effective indicators for assessing the efficiency of WDSs. The ILI is calculated from Equation (1) (see Section 4) as a dimensionless ratio of current annual real loss (CARL) to unavoidable annual real loss (UARL) [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: The Implementation Of Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of CARL depends on the characteristics of the pipe network and the efficiency of the leak detection and repair policy practiced by the water supply company [45]. ALs, in turn, are water losses resulting from unauthorized consumption and the inaccuracy of water meters (see Equations ( 2) and (3) in Section 4) [41,44].…”

Section: The Implementation Of Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of unavoidable losses is calculated as the sum of three components: unavoidable leaks in mains (primary and secondary feeders), unavoidable leaks in service connections (both from mains to the property line (plot boundary) and from property line to first customer's meter). Unavoidable water losses are proportional to the length of mains, total length and number of service connections, and the operating pressure in the network [41]. It should be emphasized that, depending on the methodology for determining the length of service connections, different formulas are used to calculate UARL (see Equations ( 4) and ( 5) in Section 4) [46].…”

Section: The Implementation Of Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Issues in Implementation of EU Regulations in Terms of Evaluation of Water Losses: Towards Energy Efficiency Optimization in Water Supply Systems

Ociepa-Kubicka,

Deska,

Ociepa

2024

Energies

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The water and sewage sector is responsible for approximately 3.5% of energy consumption in the European Union (EU). Leaks causing water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) are responsible for approximately 24% of water consumption in the EU, which contributes to additional energy losses and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The implementation of the Directive of the European Parliament and the EU Council on the quality of drinking water (Directive (EU) 2020/2184) introduces the obligation to report water losses by large water utilities in EU Member States. The reported indicator will be the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) which is the ratio between current annual real loss (CARL) and unavoidable annual real loss (UARL). The paper presents a comparative analysis of selected water loss performance indicators calculated for 12 Polish WDSs. Results show that values of calculated indicators were diverse. The overestimation of both the reported value of operating pressure and total length of service connections may lead to the overestimation of UARL and thus to the underestimation of ILI. Obtaining a satisfactory, but incorrect, value of ILI may result in the abandonment of activities aimed at water loss reduction. Water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) contribute to a significant increase in both energy consumption and GHG emissions. Total approximated electrical energy related to CARL consumed in 2021 by eleven utilities (except for one company) amounted to 3.276 GWh and total approximated carbon emissions amounted to 2807.84 MgCO2eq. In the case of four WDSs, reduction of ILI to the value of 1.5 may reduce GHG emissions by 31–54%. It can be concluded that the implementation of Directive (EU) 2020/2184 will require unification of methodology for calculation of parameters used in ILI evaluation in all EU Member States.

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“…The concept behind WPIs is to incorporate the outcomes from planning and maintenance of DWI, including physical, economic, operation and service quality factors. Their purpose is to assess the impacts of planning and maintenance activities and to make a cross-comparison with benchmarks of similar water utilities [12] [13]. Nonetheless, in recent years they are used also to target investments for water loss management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Indicators for effective Asset Management and Leakage Reduction in Drinking Water Infrastructures

Giustolisi,

Mazzolani,

Ciliberti

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Recent regulation initiatives and the ongoing digital transition in the water sector are opening a new era in drinking water infrastructure management boosted by unprecedented funding opportunities from the post-pandemic recovery plans worldwide. These investments are not solely directed at updating equipment or replacing aging pipes, but they are geared towards enhancing the efficiency of such infrastructures. Asset management, with respect to the need of leakage reduction and control in drinking water infrastructure, is a major concern for the utilities since water loss undermines the socio-economic and environmental sustainability also with respect to energy resources. In fact, the level of water loss represents an indicator of the infrastructure’s “health” status, thus assuming importance for asset management. The effectiveness of a water loss performance indicator is a relevant issue because it guides the investment, thereby the quality of the public expenditure. The present effort aims at the detailed and scientific analysis of the effectiveness of the linear and percentage water loss indicator. The linear water loss indicator proves to be effective, because scalable, and it is the basis of novel indicator, named Asset Management Support Indicator, which can drive the quality of the expenditure for water loss reduction.

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Water Loss Assessment and Remediation in South and Southeast Asia

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of water losses in two selected water distribution systems

Analysis of water losses in two selected water distribution systems

Issues in Implementation of EU Regulations in Terms of Evaluation of Water Losses: Towards Energy Efficiency Optimization in Water Supply Systems

Performance Indicators for effective Asset Management and Leakage Reduction in Drinking Water Infrastructures

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