Water in the Avian Egg Overall Budget of Incubation

Ar, Amos; Rahn, Hermann

doi:10.1093/icb/20.2.373

Cited by 265 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…rates during the first days of incubation (i.e., up to day 4) (18). The total amount of water inside the avian egg at any time during development of the embryo depends on both the loss of water by diffusion through pores in the shell and the production of metabolic water through oxidation of yolk lipids (19,20). In our study, the T1 and T2 relaxation times measured in embryonic tissue exhibit a decreasing behavior during embryonic development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Measurement of T1, T2, and magnetization transfer properties during embryonic development at 7 Tesla using the chicken model

Boss

Oppitz

Wehrl

et al. 2008

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To evaluate whether techniques of high field magnetic resonance imaging may be used to characterize embryonic tissue during proliferation and differentiation. Materials and Methods:Thirteen chicken embryos with incubation times between 5 days and 16 days have been measured in a small animal magnetic resonance imager (ClinScan, Bruker) at 7 Tesla using the built-in resonator. T1, T2-, and magnetization transfer imaging was performed using fast spin-echo with inversion recovery, half acquisition single shot turbo spin-echo, and spoiled gradient-echo sequences with and without off-resonance pulse, respectively. T1, T2, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis.Results: T1-, T2-, and MTR maps showed good image quality allowing for delineation of embryonic organs. During embryonic development, a decrease of T1 and T2 relaxation times was found, whereas, embryonic tissue typically showed an increase of magnetization transfer, for example, liver properties at day 5: T1 ϭ 2431 Ϯ 163 ms, T2 ϭ 122 Ϯ 12 ms, MTR ϭ 9.2 Ϯ 4.2%; liver properties at day 16: T1 ϭ 1763 Ϯ 89 ms, T2 ϭ 71 Ϯ 4 ms, MTR ϭ 16.9 Ϯ 2.2%. Conclusion:Embryonic tissues show changing relaxation and magnetization transfer properties during development, therefore, high field MRI seems suitable for characterization of tissue replacement derived from embryonic stem cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Measurement of T1, T2, and magnetization transfer properties during embryonic development at 7 Tesla using the chicken model

Boss

Oppitz

Wehrl

et al. 2008

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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show abstract

“…Short of weighing eggs immediately after oviposition, this is the most reliable method of obtaining fresh egg mass (Ar and Rahn, 1980). Fresh eggs were then separated into shell, yolk and albumen following the methods described in Finkler et al (1998).…”

Section: Egg Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal effects of egg size on emuDromaius novaehollandiaeegg composition and hatchling phenotype

Dzialowski

Sotherland

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Parental investment in eggs and, consequently, in offspring can profoundly influence the phenotype, survival and ultimately evolutionary fitness of an organism. Avian eggs are excellent model systems to examine maternal allocation of energy translated through egg size variation. We used the natural range in emu Dromaius novaehollandiae egg size, from 400·g to >700·g, to examine the influence of maternal investment in eggs on the morphology and physiology of hatchlings. Female emus provisioned larger eggs with a greater absolute amount of energy, nutrients and water in the yolk and albumen. Variation in maternal investment was reflected in differences in hatchling size, which increased isometrically with egg size. Egg size also influenced the physiology of developing emu embryos, such that late-term embryonic metabolic rate was positively correlated with egg size and embryos developing in larger eggs consumed more yolk during development. Large eggs produced hatchlings that were both heavier (yolk-free wet and dry mass) and structurally larger (tibiotarsus and culmen lengths) than hatchlings emerging from smaller eggs. As with many other precocial birds, larger hatchlings also contained more water, which was reflected in a greater blood volume. However, blood osmolality, hemoglobin content and hematocrit did not vary with hatchling mass. Emu maternal investment in offspring, measured by egg size and composition, is significantly correlated with the morphology and physiology of hatchlings and, in turn, may influence the success of these organisms during the first days of the juvenile stage.

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“…Varios autores han observado que tal disminución está determinada esencialmente por la pérdida de agua causada por factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos a lo largo de la incubación (e.g., Ar & Rahn 1980;Booth & Seymour 1987;Kern et al 1992). Sotherland et al (1980) afi rman que la absorción de calcio por el embrión produce adelgazamiento de la cáscara facilitando la pérdida de humedad dentro del huevo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Además, el aumento de temperatura dentro del nido como consecuencia de modifi caciones ambientales puede inducir un aumento en la porosidad de la cáscara incrementando a la vez la conductancia del vapor de agua (Carey 1980;Sotherland et al 1980;Arad et al 1988). El porcentaje de pérdida de peso de los huevos de F. armillata se ajustó al valor típico de 15% (Ar & Rahn 1980). Sin embargo, en el caso de F. rufi frons el porcentaje de peso perdido cayó bajo este valor, lo que podría explicarse por las diferencias de tamaño de los huevos de ambas especies.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Biología reproductiva de la tagua común (Fúlica armillata) y la tagua de frente roja (F. rufifrons) en un área agroforestal del centro-sur de Chile

Silva¹,

Barrientos²,

et al. 2011

Gayana (Concepc.)

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Water in the Avian Egg Overall Budget of Incubation

Cited by 265 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement of T1, T2, and magnetization transfer properties during embryonic development at 7 Tesla using the chicken model

Measurement of T1, T2, and magnetization transfer properties during embryonic development at 7 Tesla using the chicken model

Maternal effects of egg size on emuDromaius novaehollandiaeegg composition and hatchling phenotype

Biología reproductiva de la tagua común (Fúlica armillata) y la tagua de frente roja (F. rufifrons) en un área agroforestal del centro-sur de Chile

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