Water Erosion in Brazil and in the World: A Brief Review

Miranda, Renato Billia de; Scarpinella, Gustavo D’Almeida; Silva, Ricardo Siloto da; Mauad, Frederico Fábio

doi:10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/01.01.2015/003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…If hydropower development plans are fully implemented, about 40% of the flow to the Pantanal would go through one or more hydropower plants in the future (Souza Filho, 2013), which could significantly change the ecological dynamics of the Pantanal, altering not only the hydrology but also the thermal, nutrient, sediment and water chemistry regimes, geomorphology, and ecology (Olden and Naiman, 2010;Gao et al, 2012). Specific impacts resulting from impoundments include the reduction of aquatic and terrestrial productivity within the flooded areas (Burford et al, 2011;Schindler and Smits, 2017); instability of river channels (Brooks et al, 2012); reduction of available habitats and landscape alteration (Miranda et al, 2015;Aguiar et al, 2016); reduced connectivity between the river and the riparian zone; disturbance of hydrological regime (Stevaux et al, 2012); and changes in water quality (Fantin-Cruz et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dam-Induced Hydrologic Alterations in the Rivers Feeding the Pantanal

Ely

Fantin-Cruz

Tritico

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Tropical river basins have experienced dramatically increased hydropower development over the last 20 years. These alterations have the potential to cause changes in hydrologic and ecologic systems. One heavily impacted system is the Upper Paraguay River Basin, which feeds the Pantanal wetland. The Pantanal is a Ramsar Heritage site and is one of the world's largest freshwater wetlands. Over the past 20 years, the number of hydropower facilities in the Upper Paraguay River Basin has more than doubled. This paper uses the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) method to assess the impact of 24 of these dams on the hydrologic regime over 20 years (10 years before and 10 years after dam installation) and proposes a method to disentangle the effects of dams from other drivers of hydrologic change using undammed “control” rivers. While most of these dams are small, run-of-the-river systems, each dam significantly altered at least one of the 33 hydrologic indicators assessed. Across all studied dams, 88 of the 256 calculated indicators changed significantly, causing changes of 5–40%, compared to undammed reaches. These changes were most common in indicators that quantify the frequency and duration of high and low pulses, along with those for the rate and frequency of hydrologic changes. Importantly, the flow regime in several undammed reaches also showed significant alterations, likely due to climate and land-use changes, supporting the need for measurements in representative control systems when attributing causes to observed change. Basin-wide hydrologic changes (in both dammed and undammed rivers) have the potential to fundamentally alter the hydrology, sediment patterns, and ecosystem of the Pantanal wetland. The proposed refinement of the IHA methods reveals crucial differences between dam-induced alteration and those assigned to other drivers of change; these need to be better understood for more efficient management of current hydropower plants or the implementation of future dams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dam-Induced Hydrologic Alterations in the Rivers Feeding the Pantanal

Ely

Fantin-Cruz

Tritico

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…O impacto antrópico no meio ambiente gera perturbações ocasionando problemas ambientais, que advém principalmente do desmatamento de áreas nativas (DEFRIES et al, 2010). As desordens ambientais podem resultar em deslizamentos, enchentes, erosões, inundações e assoreamento de rios (MIRANDA et al, 2015). Além de problemas de ordem climática, com a perda de carbono para a atmosfera e, consequentemente, o aquecimento global (ARSHAD et al, 2020), fazendo com que os efeitos das ações antropogênicas sejam motivo de atenção pública (FRANÇA et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fragilidade Ambiental Do Parque Estadual Do Pau Furado E Os Impactos Das Atividades Humanas Em Sua Zona De Amortecimento

Costa Fanalli,

Ferreira Cunha,

Delinardo da Silva

et al. 2024

NAT

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A análise do estado de fragilidade das Unidades de Conservação (UCs) permite ações de manejo adequadas à proteção da fauna e flora local e regional, assim como planejamento efetivo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi mapear a fragilidade ambiental do Parque Estadual do Pau Furado (PEPF) em Minas Gerais, a única unidade de conservação no Triangulo Mineiro na categoria Proteção Integral. Metodologicamente, levantou-se um conjunto de variáveis que melhor se adequassem a explicar a condição de fragilidade no contexto local. Para isso, foram selecionadas as seguintes variáveis: tipo de solo, índice de dissecação do relevo, declividade, áreas prioritárias para conservação e o uso e cobertura da terra. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software Qgis v.3.16.14, de código aberto. 28,24 % da área apresenta fragilidade potencial média e 48,22% fragilidade emergente alta. Existem características da área de estudo que favorecem sua fragilização, tal como a declividade acentuada com presença topo de morro indicado no índice de dissecação do relevo e, quando adicionado o componente antropogênico, existe intensificação na fragilização desse ambiente, sendo necessário manejo adequado e práticas que promovam conservação/preservação dos ambientes naturais. Palavras-chave: unidades de conservação; sensoriamento remoto; planejamento territorial; serviços ecossistêmicos; manejo de ecossistemas. Environmental fragility of the Pau Furado State Park and the impacts of human activities in its buffer zone ABSTRACT: Analysis of the state of fragility of Conservation Units (CUs) allows for appropriate management actions to protect local and regional fauna and flora, as well as effective planning. In this sense, the general objective of this work was to map the environmental fragility of the Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Minas Gerais, the only conservation unit in the Triangulo Mineiro in the Integral Protection category. Methodologically, a set of variables was identified that were best suited to explaining the condition of fragility in the local context. For this, the following variables were selected: soil type, relief dissection index, slope, priority areas for conservation and land use and cover. The open-source software Qgis v.3.16.14 was used to process the data. XX% of the area presents medium potential fragility and xx% high emerging fragility. There are characteristics of the study area that favor its weakening, such as the steep slope with the presence of a hilltop indicated in the relief dissection index and, when the anthropogenic component is added, there is an intensification in the weakening of this environment, requiring appropriate management and practices that promote conservation/preservation of natural environments. Keywords: conservation units; remote sensing; territorial planning; ecosystem services; ecosystem management.

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“…Erosion is considered a major global threat to soil and water degradation (Borrelli et al, 2020), especially in tropical regions, as it causes soil particles to detach and be transported more easily (Miranda, Scarpinella, Silva, & Mauad, 2015). Research on water erosion has been often carried out in delimited plots, whose surface runoff and soil losses are monitored after each rainfall event (Strohmeier, Laaha, Holzmann, & Klik, 2016;Anache, Wendland, Oliveira, Flanagan, & Nearing, 2017;Yang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil loss and runoff in southern Brazil in conservation systems: a long-term experiment

Dambros,

Lima,

Barros

et al. 2023

Acta Sci. Agron.

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Brazil has high soil loss rates due to its tropical and subtropical climate characteristics. In this sense, soil use and management practices may minimize such losses. In this study, experimental plots were monitored for eight years in southern Brazil during natural rainfall events. Treatments were as follows: I) bare soil under conventional tillage, II) barley-oat/ soybeans succession under conventional tillage, III) oat-lupine-vetch/ maize succession under conventional tillage, IV) barley-oat/ soybeans succession under no-tillage, and V) oat-lupine-vetch/ maize succession under no-tillage. Data on rainfall amount and erosivity indices (EI30, EI20, and EI10) were subjected to regression analyses, evaluating the effects of climatic variables on soil and water losses. We could also analyze crop species, conventional and no-tillage systems, and winter and summer seasons. The highest soil and water losses occurred in treatments under conventional tillage. In addition, soybeans treatments increased soil and water losses. Maize under no-tillage was the most efficient practice, as it had soil losses (3.4 times) and water losses (1.5 times) lower than soybeans under conventional tillage. Rainfall amounts and EI30 were better correlated with soil and water losses in conventional tillage treatments. However, EI10 could better explain the soil losses from the conservationist treatment.

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Water Erosion in Brazil and in the World: A Brief Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Dam-Induced Hydrologic Alterations in the Rivers Feeding the Pantanal

Dam-Induced Hydrologic Alterations in the Rivers Feeding the Pantanal

Fragilidade Ambiental Do Parque Estadual Do Pau Furado E Os Impactos Das Atividades Humanas Em Sua Zona De Amortecimento

Soil loss and runoff in southern Brazil in conservation systems: a long-term experiment

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