Water effect on the kinetics of 1-pentanol dehydration to di-n-pentyl ether (DNPE) on amberlyst 70

Abstract

Experiments performed at 433 K and 453 K with 1-pentanol/water and 1-pentanol/DNPE (di-n-pentyl ether) clearly states the inhibiting effect of water released in the liquid-phase dehydration of 1-pentanol to DNPE on ion-exchange resin. The inhibiting effect of water was described by an empirical correction factor in the Eley-Rideal rate model deduced in a previous work. Best results were obtained with a factor including a Freundlich-like adsorption isotherm expression. The activation energy of dehydration reaction lowers slightly on splitting off the water effect, and it is 114.0 ± 0.1 kJ/mol.

Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants

“…Polymeric resins such as Amberlyst and Nafion contain Brønsted‐acidic H atoms attached to sulfonic acid groups. Amberlyst 70 is a macroporous sulfonic styrene–divinyl benzene (DVB) resin catalyst with a surface area of 36 m 2 g −1 and an acid site concentration of 3 equiv H + kg −1 . Nafion NR‐50 is a sulfonated Brønsted‐acid catalyst that has a fluorinated backbone, as shown in Figure b. Amberlyst 70 and Nafion NR‐50 stand out as active and selective Brønsted‐acid catalysts for the direct etherification of the linear primary alcohols 1‐octanol, 1‐hexanol, and 1‐pentanol .…”

“…In a study of octanol etherification over gel‐type and macroreticular polymeric resins, the best selectivity to di‐ n ‐octyl ether was observed for catalysts with a low degree of cross‐linking . Resins with a low cross‐linking degree (Amberlyst 39 and Amberlyst 70) were also found to be more selective for the etherification of 1‐hexanol and 1‐pentanol than catalysts with higher degrees of cross‐linking with DVB .…”

Kinetics of the liquid phase dehydration of 1‐octanol to di‐n‐octyl ether on Amberlyst 70

“…Rate inhibition would be very similar to a catalyst deactivation process. With this view, an usual procedure is to modify empirically LHHW‐ER kinetic models, by splitting the rate coefficient, into a “true” one, , and a correction factor able to represent the rate decrease by the effect of water …”

Kinetic studies of the esterification of pure and dilute acrylic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol catalysed by Amberlyst 15

“…However, water would inhibit the activity of the Amberlyst 15 since this catalyst was well dispersed in the reaction mixture. Water has a large affinity for SO 3 H of the ion exchange resin catalyst and it adsorbs preferably on acid sites, excludes the reactants and inhibits greatly the reaction rate (Bringué et al, 2007). Water effect on the reaction rate was modelled by correction factors analogous to expressions derived from Langmuir isotherms as shown in Eq.…”