Water deprivation in weaned pigs

Marks, SL; Carr, John Dickson

doi:10.1136/vr.125.18.460

Cited by 3 publications

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“…However, when herniation of the occipital lobe under the tentorium occurs due to the edema, compression and displacement of the midbrain or oculomotor nerve or both, it will cause mydriasis with a decrease or absence of the pupillary light reflex GLASS, 2009). Signs such as teeth gnashing and aimless walking have not been reported in other studies of salt poisoning in ruminants, but they have been observed in pigs (MARKS;CARR, 1989;FINNIE et al, 2010), and these signs indicate brain disease (RADOSTITS et al, 2007). Changes such as spasticity of limbs with hyperreflexia and opisthotonus have been observed in salt poisoning in cattle (LINDLEY, 1977;TRUEMAN;CLAGUE, 1978;PRINGLE;BERTHIAUME, 1988;SENTURK;HUSEYIN, 2004) and other clinical signs, such as dorsomedial strabismus and intention tremor, not yet described, have also been observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil

Duarte

Júnior

Bomjardim

et al. 2019

SCA

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The present study reports two outbreaks of salt poisoning in goats on a property in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreaks occurred in July and August 2011 when young and adult goats received a mineral mixture after approximately three days of restriction from the supplement. The animals were kept in barns with a high stocking density and had an inadequate supply of water. In the second outbreak, the goats were supplemented too with brewery residue added to 3.3% of the mixture mineral. From a flock of 191 goats, 12 animals (nine crossbreeds, two Anglo-Nubians and one Boer) showed nervous symptomatology, and the morbidity rate was 6.28%. The most frequent clinical signs were head lowering, head tilt, muscle weakness, mydriasis and ataxia. Three goats died, four recovered spontaneously from the first outbreak, and five recovered from the second outbreak over three days after treatment with dexamethasone, thiamine and gradual water supply. The lethality rate was 25%. In two animals, necropsy was performed, and no macro- or microscopic alterations in the nervous system or other organs were observed. These negative pathological findings indicate that the neurological clinical signs were initiated by functional disturbances in the central nervous system. In the brain, a high sodium concentration (3703 and 3675 ppm), compared with the reference values for cattle was detected. Normonatremia was observed in the sick goats, and hypernatremia was observed in the goats from the same lot of affected animals based on blood serum samples obtained before the first outbreak. These results pointed out that the goats were consuming high sodium concentrations. Normal values for the sick animals were assigned after rapid osmotic control via adequate water intake. We conclude that the salt poisoning on the goats occurred due to a high intake of the mineral mixture caused by management errors and associated with water restrictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil

Duarte

Júnior

Bomjardim

et al. 2019

SCA

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“…Although well known as a cause of morbidity and mortality in farm pigs, the sodium and water intoxication syndromes were not reported in pet pigs (Marks and Carr 1989, Zimmerman and others 2012). The clinical signs are widely described in the scientific literature and are similar to those of many other neurological diseases (Finnie and others 2010, Zimmerman and others 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the clinical presentation and laboratory analysis results have not been extensively described. Pronounced hypernatraemia is often mentioned as a pathognomonic finding (Marks and Carr 1989, Rispat and others 1993, Straw and others 2006, Gelberg 2010). However, normonatraemia and only a mild hypernatraemia is found in two of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium ion and water intoxication syndrome in two pet miniature pigs (Sus scrofa)

Ardiaca¹,

Montesinos²,

Bonvehí³

et al. 2014

Vet Record Case Reports

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This article describes the clinical signs, laboratory findings and clinical management in two pet miniature pigs presenting with acute neurological signs due to sodium ion and water intoxication syndrome. Both animals suffered from chronic water deprivation until they had access to water and were allowed to drink freely. Particularities of the therapeutic approach and options depending on the type of the electrolytic imbalance are discussed. Treatment options must be considered carefully and depend on the clinical signs and the type of the electrolytic imbalance present at the time of presentation. Client education must specifically include the mention that pigs require a continuous access to fresh water since they are particularly sensitive to sodium ion toxicity and water deprivation.

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Toxic diseases

2022

Large Animal Neurology

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Water deprivation in weaned pigs

Cited by 3 publications

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Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil

Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil

Sodium ion and water intoxication syndrome in two pet miniature pigs (Sus scrofa)

Toxic diseases

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