Water defluoridation with special emphasis on adsorbents-containing metal oxides and/or hydroxides: A review

Rapid and efficient removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution using a polypyrrole coated hydrous tin oxide nanocomposite

“…Fluoride (F À ) contamination has been recognized as one of the major health concerns worldwide, especially in several parts of India, China, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Tanzania, Argentina, and Mexico [4]. The prime sources of fluoride contamination are naturogenic in origin and include processes such as weathering, dissolution of fluoride-rich rocks, volcanic ash, and marine aerosols [5].…”

Functional materials in desalination: A review

“…Between adsorbent and absorbent materials, adsorbents are predominantly utilized for this purpose. With a potential to be developed at a relatively low cost, and flexibility and simplicity in process design, operation and maintenance, adsorption has emerged as an attractive technology for salt rejection [360]. The progressive steps involved in the adsorption process include the transport of the ions from the bulk solution to the adsorbent surface; adsorption of the ions at the surface; transport of the ions within the adsorbent sites and then desorption of adsorbed ions for regeneration purposes [361].…”

Application of Octacalcium Phosphate with an Innovative Household‐scale Defluoridator Prototype and Behavioral Determinants of its Adoption in Rural Communities of the East African Rift Valley

“…There are several reasons why the defluoridation of water in rural contexts is an open challenge. Up to now, this seems to be determined by the lack of technology transfer to a feasible method in terms of overall cost and power supply (e.g., reverse osmosis), complexity of the method (e.g., electrocoagulation), cost of sorbent supply and management (e.g., most of synthetic compounds), or low removal capacity (e.g., bone char [BC] and many natural materials) (Khairnar et al 2015; Mumtaz et al 2015; Velazquez‐Jimenez et al 2015). Furthermore, the acceptance of any new defluoridation method on behalf of rural communities is critical for policymakers and other stakeholders if they want to facilitate the adoption of the technology (Sorlini et al 2011; Datturi et al 2015).…”