Water, carbon and nitrogen cycling in a rendzina soil cropped with winter oilseed rape: the Châlons Oilseed Rape Database

Gosse, Ghislain; Cellier, Pierre; Denoroy, Pascal; Gabrielle, Benoît; Laville, Patricia; Leviel, B.; Justes, Éric; Nicolardot, Bernard; Mary, Bruno; Recous, Sylvie; Germon, Jean-Claude; Hénault, Catherine; Leech, P. K.

doi:10.1051/agro:19990204

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The C inputs to the soil were from manure or slurry, crop residues left in the field, and weeds and cover crops in the organic system. The input of crop shoot and root residues, including root turnover and root‐derived organic compounds, was estimated from crop yield records using algometric relationships based on literature values for barley (Pettersson, 1989; Johansson, 1992); wheat (Flink et al, 1995); winter rape (Petersen et al, 1995; Gosse et al, 1999); potato (Opena and Porter, 1999; Alva et al, 2002); sugarbeet (Vamerali et al, 2003; Brown and Biscoe, 1985); and ley (annual forage crop) (Kuzyakov and Domanski, 2000). For bean ( Vicia faba L.), pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and oat, we used the same functions as for barley.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Long‐Term Organic and Conventional Crop–Livestock Systems on a Previously Nutrient‐Depleted Soil in Sweden

et al. 2007

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An 18-yr field study was performed to compare organic and conventional cropping on a highly P and K depleted soil in southern Sweden that had not received any inorganic fertilizers (or pesticides) since the mid-1940s. The major management differences between the systems were (i) growth of legumes every second year and use of legumes as cover crops in the organic rotation; (ii) application of P in the organic system at higher rates than for the conventional system; (iii) exclusion of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from the organic system but inclusion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); (iv) frequent mechanical weeding in the organic system; and (v) use of solid manure in the organic and liquid manure in the conventional system. Concentrations of soil-exchangeable P increased more after application of large amounts of basic slag and apatite in the organic system than after application of P fertilizers in the conventional system. Organic systems, which rely mainly on legumes for their N supply, will acidify soils faster than systems with fewer legumes in rotation. Crop yields were, on average, 50% less and weed biomass was greater (1-3 Mg dry matter ha 21 ) in the organic system than in the conventional system. Nitrogen was identified as the main yield-limiting nutrient for organically grown crops. Despite this, and even with use of cover crops, N leaching was not reduced by organic farming. Soil carbon (C) concentrations decreased in both systems, but less so in the organic system due to higher C inputs and lower soil pH values. Still, organic farming seems not be an option for sequestering C in soil in Sweden. After adjusting the two systems to the same boundary conditions for an unbiased modeling comparison, the C input is »60% higher in the conventional system than the organic system. The agronomic efficiency of N was 9 to 10 kg grain yield kg 21 N in the organic system compared with 16-18 kg grain yield kg 21 in the conventional system. The longterm use efficiency of P was lower in the organic system (7%) than in the conventional system (36%). These results show that yield and soil fertility are superior in conventional cropping systems under coldtemperate conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Long‐Term Organic and Conventional Crop–Livestock Systems on a Previously Nutrient‐Depleted Soil in Sweden

et al. 2007

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“…Total number of plants, dry matter of stems and pod walls, and corresponding C and N concentrations were determined at harvest (C/N-Analyser Vario MAX, CN Elementar Analysesysteme). For model calculations C and N amounts in the rooting system as well as the shoot-to-root ratios were assumed to be similar to those given in Gosse et al (1999). In the subsequent winter wheat (WWCT and WWMT), plant samples (0.25 m 2 ) were taken at the end of autumn growth and the beginning of spring growth.…”

Section: Plant and Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different agronomic strategies to reduce nitrate leaching after winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using a simulation model

Henke¹,

Böttcher

Neukam

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Winter oilseed rape (OSR) demands high levels of N fertilizer, often exceeding 200 kg N ha -1 . Large amounts of residual soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) after harvest are regularly observed, and therefore N leaching during the percolation period over winter is increased. In this study agronomic strategies (fertilization level, crop rotation, tillage intensity) to control nitrate leaching after OSR were investigated by combining field measurements (soil mineral nitrogen, soil water content, crop N uptake) of a 2-year trial and another 5-year field trial with simulation modeling. The crop-soil model uses a daily time step and was built from existing and partly refined submodels for soil water dynamics, mineralization processes, and N uptake. It was used to reproduce the complex processes of the N dynamics and to calculate N concentration in the leachate and total volume of percolation water. Some parameters values were thereby newly identified based on the agreement between measured data and model results. Although SMN in the 60-90 cm layer was overestimated, the model could reproduce the measured data with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Overfertilization of OSR increased N leaching and therefore the precise calculation of N fertilizer doses is a first step towards prevent N leaching. Compared to ploughing, minimum tillage decreased N leaching when winter wheat was grown as the subsequent crop. Volunteer OSR and Phacelia tanacetifolia were grown as catch crops after OSR harvest. N leaching could be decreased especially when Phacelia was grown, but nitrate concentrations in the drainage water were higher and exceeded the European Union (EU) threshold for drinking water when volunteer OSR was grown. The results of this study provide strong evidence that reduced tillage or growing of noncruciferous catch crops decrease N leaching and may be used as an agricultural measure to prevent N pollution.

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“…Nitrate concentrations in the different soil layers were determined every 15 d using the Skalar method (Gosse et al, 1999). Soil NO 3 Ϫ limitation was defined as the maximum soil nitrate stock available for N uptake.…”

Section: Kinetic Equations Of Nitrate Transport Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nitrogen Uptake in Oilseed Rape cv Capitol during a Growth Cycle Using Influx Kinetics of Root Nitrate Transport Systems and Field Experimental Data

Malagoli¹,

Laîné²,

Deunff³

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

115

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The use of kinetic equations of NO 3 Ϫ transport systems in oilseed rape (Brassica napus), determined by 15 NO 3 Ϫ labeling under controlled conditions, combined with experimental field data from the INRA-Châlons rape database were used to model NO 3 Ϫ uptake during the plant growth cycle. The quantitative effects of different factors such as day/night cycle, ontogenetic stages, root temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and soil nitrate availability on different components of the constitutive high-affinity transport systems, constitutive low-affinity transport systems, inducible low-affinity transport systems, and inducible high-affinity transport systems of nitrate were then determined to improve the model's predictions. Simulated uptake correlated well with measured values of nitrogen (N) uptake under field conditions for all N fertilization rates tested. Model outputs showed that the high-affinity transport system accounted for about 89% of total NO 3 Ϫ uptake (18% and 71% for constitutive high-affinity transport systems and inducible high-affinity transport systems, respectively) when no fertilizer was applied. The low-affinity transport system accounted for a minor proportion of total N uptake, and its activity was restricted to the early phase of the growth cycle. However, N fertilization in spring increased the duration of its contribution to total N uptake. Overall, data show that this mechanistic and environmentally regulated approach is a powerful means to simulate total N uptake in the field with the advantage of taking both physiologically regulated processes at the overall plant level and specific nitrate transport system characteristics into account.Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in northern Europe because of its varied utilizations (oil and biofuel). However, yields remain highly variable. As a consequence, oilseed rape has been extensively studied to identify key components of yield and to improve them by more effective nitrogen (N) application with the target of reducing environmental impacts such as N leaching and improving N use efficiency for seed filling (Boelcke et al., 1991;Habekotté, 1993;Schjoerring et al., 1995;Sieling and Christen, 1997;Vos and van der Putten, 1997). Many mathematical models have been built to simulate crop growth, development, and yield (BRASNAP-PH, Habekotté, 1997a; and LINTUL BRASNAP, Habekotté, 1997b). Some of these (DAISY, Petersen et al., 1995; and CERES-Rape, Gabrielle et al., 1998) have been devoted mainly to predicting ecological impacts of N losses from winter oilseed rape. When N nutrition has been taken into account, N uptake usually has been based on the balance of demand and supply. In this context, N availability in the soil solution is modeled using mass flow and NO 3 Ϫ diffusion equations (CERES-Rape, and DAISY), and N demand is often determined using the critical dilution curve determined by Colnenne et al. (1998) for oilseed rape (CERES-rape). In these models, the root system is considered as a "black box." ...

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Water, carbon and nitrogen cycling in a rendzina soil cropped with winter oilseed rape: the Châlons Oilseed Rape Database

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of Long‐Term Organic and Conventional Crop–Livestock Systems on a Previously Nutrient‐Depleted Soil in Sweden

Comparison of Long‐Term Organic and Conventional Crop–Livestock Systems on a Previously Nutrient‐Depleted Soil in Sweden

Evaluation of different agronomic strategies to reduce nitrate leaching after winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using a simulation model

Modeling Nitrogen Uptake in Oilseed Rape cv Capitol during a Growth Cycle Using Influx Kinetics of Root Nitrate Transport Systems and Field Experimental Data

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