Water Birth—A Near-Drowning Experience

Nguyen, Sarah; Kuschel, Carl A; Teele, Rita L.; Spooner, Claire G.

doi:10.1542/peds.110.2.411

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The majority of information came from case reports, describing postpartum waterborne infections, hypothermia, aspiration, delayed thermoregulation, rupture of the umbilical cord, nearly drowning experiences, suffocation and even death (Pinette, Wax, & Wilson, 2004;Thoeni et al, 2005;Gilbert & Tookey, 1999;Nguyen et al, 2002;Nagai et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

Rosales¹,

Ortíz-Prado²,

Alarcón³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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Objectives: Demonstrate maternal and neonatal complications reported in women giving birth in water birth compared to those conventional land births. Methods:An observational retrospective analysis of the incidence of maternal and neonatal outcomes among 358 women who deliver their newborns throughout conventional vaginal delivery and 308 women giving birth in water during 2013 in Quito, Ecuador. Maternal Age, Educational attainment, Neonatal weight, height, APGAR scores, vaginal tearing and the need to resuscitate a newborn were the variables matched for both groups.Results: Among 308 women who were scheduled to deliver their newborns in water, 73% successfully culminate in water vaginal births while 26 % required a C-section. Among the conventional birth group, only 47% ended their pregnancy vaginally as planned and 53% required a C-section.The use of oxytocin (RR: 12.9 CI 7.9 to 20.9 p<0.0001) and intentional episiotomy (RR: 13.9 CI 5.1 to 37.9 p<0.0001) are much higher among conventional birth, however, the risk to have a vaginal tearing during water labor is 3 times higher than conventional birth (RR: 2.9 CI 2.12 to 4.2 p<0.0001). In the conventional delivery cohort 3 neonatal deaths were reported while water birth no deaths reported, however, no causality of these deaths was explored due to the absence of information. Conclusions:We conclude that water birth is an effective method to deliver children as long as there is an adequate understanding of the risk and benefits of this procedure. Planning a water delivery seems to reduce the risk of using prophylactic uterotonic medication, prophylactic episiotomies and to perform unplanned C-sections. Due to higher incidence of vaginal tears, strict perianal protection during the third stage of labor is recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

Rosales¹,

Ortíz-Prado²,

Alarcón³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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“…Of course, four drowning case studies of infants are not enough to prove that water birth is a dangerous technique that should be avoided because it may lead to drowning. Nevertheless, it emphasizes the need for safety if it is offered routinely (Nguyern, Kuschel, Teele, & Spooner, 2002). A third risk factor related to types of aquatic activity is the means of transportation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Under What Circumstances Do People Drown? Encoding the Fourth Component of the 4W Model

Avramidis¹,

Butterly²,

Llewellyn³

2009

IJARE

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“…Individual case reports and case series have noted complications for the mother and the neonate [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] that highlight potential risks from immersion during labor and delivery. Because the denominators are not uniformly reported, the exact incidence of complications is difficult to assess.…”

Section: Reported Complications From Immersion During Labor and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery

Newborn¹

2014

Pediatrics

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Immersion in water has been suggested as a beneficial alternative for labor, delivery, or both and over the past decades has gained popularity in many parts of the world. Immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be associated with decreased pain or use of anesthesia and decreased duration of labor. However, there is no evidence that immersion in water during the first stage of labor otherwise improves perinatal outcomes, and it should not prevent or inhibit other elements of care. The safety and efficacy of immersion in water during the second stage of labor have not been established, and immersion in water during the second stage of labor has not been associated with maternal or fetal benefit. Given these facts and case reports of rare but serious adverse effects in the newborn, the practice of immersion in the second stage of labor (underwater delivery) should be considered an experimental procedure that only should be performed within the context of an appropriately designed clinical trial with informed consent. Facilities that plan to offer immersion in the first stage of labor need to establish rigorous protocols for candidate selection, maintenance and cleaning of tubs and immersion pools, infection control procedures, monitoring of mothers and fetuses at appropriate intervals while immersed, and immediately and safely moving women out of the tubs if maternal or fetal concerns develop. Pediatrics 2014;133:758-761 INTRODUCTIONImmersion in water has been suggested as a beneficial alternative for labor, delivery, or both and over the past decades has gained popularity in many parts of world. [1][2][3][4] Approximately 1% of births in the United Kingdom include at least a period of immersion, 5 and a 2006 joint statement from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Royal College of Midwives supported immersion in water during labor for healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies and stated that to achieve best practice with water birth, it is necessary for organizations to provide systems and structure to support this service. 6 The prevalence of this practice in the United States is unknown, because such data are not collected as part of

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Water Birth—A Near-Drowning Experience

Cited by 55 publications

References 11 publications

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

Under What Circumstances Do People Drown? Encoding the Fourth Component of the 4W Model

Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery

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