Water and Carbon Balance in Developing Fruit of the Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshu Marc.)

et al. 2013

Self Cite

Light condition is a fundamental environmental factor for high-quality plant production. In this paper, we discuss how light condition affects fruit development in the long and short term, and attempt to clarify management methods for active fruit development under conditions of low solar radiation, by using quantitative research on fruit water and carbon balance during greenhouse cultivation of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). A significant decrease in yield due to shading was not detected, but we confirmed that shading treatment affected the dry weights of source-sink units, fruit volume, increase in volume of the fruits, and fruit quality parameters, such as sugar accumulation, acid content, and rind color. Qualitatively, the carbon balance of Satsuma mandarin fruit is comparable to that of tomato fruit or rice panicle, but quantitatively, the carbon balance of Satsuma mandarin fruit may differ, as shown by low sink relative growth rate. In addition, fruit growth parameters such as translocation rate for a fruit and fruit relative growth rate showed significant positive correlations with dark respiration, despite the shading treatment. The fruit carbon demand may be simply described by fruit dark respiration as the sum of new photosynthetic carbon and stored carbon translocation for a fruit.

Section: Short-term Effects Of Shading Treatment and Environmental Fasupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Long-term Effects Of Shading Treatment and Environmental Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Water and Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Light Condition on Water and Carbon Balance in Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit

Yano

Ohara

et al. 2013

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“…The heating was started on December 17, 2010 and the full bloom was on January 22, 2011. 13 C partitioning was measured by the method outlined in the previous report (Yano et al, 2012), whereas, in this study, only the leaves and stem of the source-sink unit were fed 13 C, and fruit were not. The short-term experiment using the partial heating system ( Fig.…”

Section: Partial Heating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Saving Night Temperature Regime for Satsuma Mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Grown in a Plastic House with Heating. III. Application of Different Night Temperature Patterns

Yano

Shimooka

et al. 2014

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In order to control nighttime temperatures with energy saving, how different night temperature regimes affected on the fruit growth, quality and 13 C allocation from leaf to fruit were researched by both the partial heating and whole tree heating. One type, altering time of nighttime heating, the end of day (EOD) -heating, middle of night (MON) -heating, and predawn (Pd) -heating were applied. The EOD-heating temporally activated the fruit growth and accelerated the 13 C allocation from leaf to fruit through short term (hours) researches by the partial heating, however, comparing to the conventional heating as 20°C constant in nighttime by the whole tree heating during 60 90 days after full bloom (DAFB), no superiority was observed in both the fruit volume increase and fruit quality, and the MON-heating showed the depression of fruit growth. Another type of a regime determined by daily integrated solar radiation, comparing to the conventional heating as 17°C constant in nighttime during 78 120 DAFB, no superiority was observed in the fruit quality. Nighttime 13 C allocation from the leaf to fruit was detected at 90 DAFB, though was hardly detected at all at 120 DAFB regardless of night temperatures as high as 25°C at both days.

Energy-Saving Night Temperature Regime for Satsuma Mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Grown in a Plastic House with Heating. II. Effect of Night Temperature on Fruit Water and Carbon Balances

Tyano

Shimooka

et al. 2014

Self Cite

In order to clarify the effect of nighttime temperatures on fruit development of Satsuma mandarin, we examined the fruit water and carbon balances using the 13 C tracer method and the roles of phloem and xylem transports for fruit growth under moderate night temperatures (MN, set at 23°C) and low night temperatures (LN, set at 13°C). The average predawn xylem water potentials were 0.79 0.04 MPa under MN and 0.77 0.03 MPa under LN. Fruit growth used 86% of pedicel sap flux toward the fruit, while transpiratory water losses from the fruit surface were 14% of pedicel sap flux under both MN and LN. The daytime integrated xylem sap flux was negative, but it was positive in the nighttime. The integrated phloem sap flux (JPhlo) and the difference in JPhlo between MN and LN were only 6 10% and 4% of the total sap accumulated in the fruit, respectively. Integrated fruit photosynthesis and integrated CO2 efflux from the fruit surface were 7 8% and 22 23% of the total carbon supply toward the fruit, respectively. This indicates that carbon translocation from leaves to fruit via the phloem of the stem is the main source of carbon for the fruit.