Effect of Light Condition on Water and Carbon Balance in Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit

Abstract

Light condition is a fundamental environmental factor for high-quality plant production. In this paper, we discuss how light condition affects fruit development in the long and short term, and attempt to clarify management methods for active fruit development under conditions of low solar radiation, by using quantitative research on fruit water and carbon balance during greenhouse cultivation of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). A significant decrease in yield due to shading was not detected, but we confirmed that shading treatment affected the dry weights of source-sink units, fruit volume, increase in volume of the fruits, and fruit quality parameters, such as sugar accumulation, acid content, and rind color. Qualitatively, the carbon balance of Satsuma mandarin fruit is comparable to that of tomato fruit or rice panicle, but quantitatively, the carbon balance of Satsuma mandarin fruit may differ, as shown by low sink relative growth rate. In addition, fruit growth parameters such as translocation rate for a fruit and fruit relative growth rate showed significant positive correlations with dark respiration, despite the shading treatment. The fruit carbon demand may be simply described by fruit dark respiration as the sum of new photosynthetic carbon and stored carbon translocation for a fruit.

Influences of LED Light Quality and Intensity on Stomatal Behavior of Three Petunia Cultivars Grown in a Semi-closed System

“…Therefore, in a growth system where light quality during photoperiod is kept constant, an increase of whole-day light intensity could increase overall gs values, but may not affect daily oscillating patterns of gs in petunia plants. This is consistent with a study on mandarin where plants grown under shade conditions had overall lower gs than non-shaded plants but still exhibited a similar daily gs fluctuation pattern (Yano et al, 2013). Opening of stomatal apertures in response to light period was obvious in all petunia cultivars but there was no clear synchronization between gs values and width of either adaxial or abaxial stomatal apertures during photoperiod in this study (Figs.…”

“…In most cases, a similar pattern is found in which gs values increase after exposure to light in the morning and then decline continuously through the afternoon (Wartinger et al, 1990;Correia et al, 1997;He et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2004). The amplitude of gs fluctuation, however, seems to be different among plant species, cultivars, physiological status, developmental stage and variation of environmental factors (Correia et al, 1997;Mattos et al, 1997;Shimono et al, 2010;Yano et al, 2013;Sabir and Yazar, 2015). In this study, all three petunia cultivars exhibited a typical pattern of daily gs fluctuation (Figs.…”

Energy-Saving Night Temperature Regime for Satsuma Mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Grown in a Plastic House with Heating. III. Application of Different Night Temperature Patterns

“…In tomato, under water deficit conditions, the daytime temporary decrease in the fruit volume due to sap back flow was shown (Araki et al, 1998(Araki et al, , 2004. In Satsuma mandarins under moderate water stress, temporary decrease in fruit volume often occurred during sunny daytime and steep increase in the fruit volume occurred from late afternoon to beginning of nighttime (Yano et al, 2012(Yano et al, , 2013.…”

Energy-Saving Night Temperature Regime for Satsuma Mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Grown in a Plastic House with Heating. II. Effect of Night Temperature on Fruit Water and Carbon Balances

“…Measurement of water and carbon dynamics Measurements of gas exchange in fruits, fruit growth rate, and pedicel sap flux were conducted during short-term research as described in the previous report (Yano et al, 2012). The fruit transpiration (JWF) and fruit respiratory CO2 efflux under dark conditions (J CO2 ) were estimated by air temperatures with the relationships in Table 1, respectively, which according to the previous report (Yano et al, 2013).…”

“…Equations for estimating of fruit transpiration (JWF) and fruit respiratory CO2 efflux under dark conditions (J CO2 ) by air temperature (Ta)(Yano et al, 2013).…”