Wastewater based microalgal biorefinery for bioenergy production: Progress and challenges

Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Bhatia, Rajendra; Kumar, Manu; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar; Atabani, A.E.; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Kim, Wooseong; Seo, Seung Beom; Yang, Yung Hun

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141599

Cited by 205 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Aziz et al [41] highlighted the potential of a two-stage culture strategy for simultaneous lipid and biomass production and modified the pre-harvesting stage to promote the economic viability of this strategy. In one of such studies, Bhatia et al [42] discussed different types of wastewater and summarized the recent approaches in algal cultivation and harvesting technologies from wastewater. Table 1 shows a list including studies about increases in lipid and/or growth rate in microalgae, brief findings of which are given presently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Shokravi

Ong

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Shokravi

Ong

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…A decrease in gas production is an evident sign of digester operation failure in case there was no disruption in terms of digester feeding and digestion temperature. Producing biogas from domestic sewage sludge via AD can be a promising and well-established technology for bio-energy or clean energy [36]- [40]; however, this process in many circumstances is unable to be costs competitive with natural gas [41]-]45]. Various recent studies have reported that the microbial communities and metabolic pathways involved in anaerobic digestion of sludge are mainly influenced by temperature [46]- [49].…”

Section: Biogas Production Rate In Anaerobic Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Bioconversion of Domestic Wastewater Sewage Sludge into Green Energy: Biogas and Hydrogen

Bwapwa¹

2021

IJESD

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Municipal wastewater treatment plants generate large amounts of sludge after a set of unit processes. The sewage sludge is an important resource for energy production because of its high level of biodegradability. Sewage sludges are generally made of non-toxic and biodegradable organic compounds mixed with a small fraction of non-toxic and toxic inorganic compounds having a very low biodegradability. The large fraction of biodegradable matter constitutes a pool for green/clean energy to be used for industrial and domestic applications. The generated energy can also be used in the wastewater treatment plant. Currently, fossil fuels are leading the energy world, however, they are being depleted and are considered to be among the main causes contributing to climate change and global warming. Domestic sewage sludge can be converted sustainably into bio-hydrogen and bio- methane. This conversion is achievable through anaerobic digestion, combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. With regard to the last three conversion processes, the organic and inorganic toxic compounds are eliminated. Production of biogas from sewage sludge is being undertaken worldwide on small, medium, and large scales. However, hydrogen production from sludge is still developing. There is an existence of substantial knowledge in this field, the production of hydrogen and biogas from sewage sludge is gaining interest. This study analyses various possibilities of sewage sludge conversion into clean energy. The analysis focuses on the technology strengths, weaknesses and gaps to be improved in future studies.

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“…Every year about 3.4 million people die, and many suffer from a plethora of water-borne diseases due to polluted water being discharged recklessly from industries and wastewater treatment plants (Osiemo et al, 2019). Different sources of wastewater like municipal, agricultural, and industrial contain larger quantities of nutrients organic and inorganic contaminants (Bhatia et al, 2021d). Wastewater is released into the water bodies without proper treatment which affects the aquatic ecosystem adversely and results in eutrophication (Preisner et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Wang et al, 2010). Microalgae mediated wastewater treatment method can also produce biofuel (bioelectricity and biohydrogen) simultaneously or recovered biomass can be further used as feedstock to produce various commercially valuable biochemicals (Bhatia et al, 2021d). Along with nutrient recovery from waste streams, Maity et al (2014) reported simultaneous production of 1068.383 mg g −1 dry wt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

et al. 2021

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Wastewater is not a liability, instead considered as a resource for microbial fermentation and value-added products. Most of the wastewater contains various nutrients like nitrates and phosphates apart from the organic constituents that favor microbial growth. Microalgae are unicellular aquatic organisms and are widely used for wastewater treatment. Various cultivation methods such as open, closed, and integrated have been reported for microalgal cultivation to treat wastewater and resource recovery simultaneously. Microalgal growth is affected by various factors such as sunlight, temperature, pH, and nutrients that affect the growth rate of microalgae. Microalgae can consume urea, phosphates, and metals such as magnesium, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. for their growth and reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The microalgal biomass produced during the wastewater treatment can be further used to produce carbon-neutral products such as biofuel, feed, bio-fertilizer, bioplastic, and exopolysaccharides. Integration of wastewater treatment with microalgal bio-refinery not only solves the wastewater treatment problem but also generates revenue and supports a sustainable and circular bio-economy. The present review will highlight the current and advanced methods used to integrate microalgae for the complete reclamation of nutrients from industrial wastewater sources and their utilization for value-added compound production. Furthermore, pertaining challenges are briefly discussed along with the techno-economic analysis of current pilot-scale projects worldwide.

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Wastewater based microalgal biorefinery for bioenergy production: Progress and challenges

Cited by 205 publications

References 157 publications

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Overview on Bioconversion of Domestic Wastewater Sewage Sludge into Green Energy: Biogas and Hydrogen

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

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