Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries with onsite sanitation facilities

Jakariya, Md.; Ahmed, Firoz; Islam, Md. Aminul; Marzan, Abdullah Al; Hasan, Mohammad Nayeem; Hossain, Md. Imran; Ahmed, Tanvir; Hossain, Ahmed; Reza, Hasan Mahmud; Hossen, Foysal; Nahla, Turasa; Rahman, Mohammad Moshiur; Bahadur, Newaz Mohammed; Islam, Tahmidul; Didar-ul-Alam, Md.; Mow, Nowrin; Jahan, Hasin; Barceló, Damià; Bibby, Kyle; Bhattacharya, Prosun

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119679

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Human respiratory-related infections (RTIs) are known as the most familiar human infections, while ARIs are found in the upper and lower side of respiratory tract. The population compactness of Bangladesh is 1,265 sq/km with a total of 165 million as of 04 July 2022 ( 56 , 59 ). Of the study households, solid fuel (i.e., coal/lignite, charcoal, wood, straw/shrubs/grass, agricultural crops, and animal dung) is the most widely used fuel for cooking in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Islam

Hasan

Ahammed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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In developing countries, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a significant number of deaths among children. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), about 25% of the deaths in children under-five years are caused by ARI in Bangladesh every year. Low-income families frequently rely on wood, coal, and animal excrement for cooking. However, it is unclear whether using alternative fuels offers a health benefit over solid fuels. To clear this doubt, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of fuel usage on ARI in children. In this study, we used the latest BDHS 2017–18 survey data collected by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and estimated the effects of fuel use on ARI by constructing multivariable logistic regression models. From the analysis, we found that the crude (the only type of fuel in the model) odds ratio (OR) for ARI is 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.71]. This suggests that children in families using contaminated fuels are 69.3% more likely to experience an ARI episode than children in households using clean fuels. After adjusting for cooking fuel, type of roof material, child's age (months), and sex of the child–the effect of solid fuels is similar to the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for ARI (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05–2.72). This implies that an ARI occurrence is 69.2% more likely when compared to the effect of clean fuel. This study found a statistically significant association between solid fuel consumption and the occurrence of ARI in children in households. The correlation between indoor air pollution and clinical parameters of ARI requires further investigation. Our findings will also help other researchers and policymakers to take comprehensive actions by considering fuel type as a risk factor as well as taking proper steps to solve this issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables were selected using the Rao and Scott chi-squared test (a design-adjusted variation of the Pearson chi-squared test) ( 56 ) which was employed to account for the data's cluster-design effect. In total, 13 variables were significant with ARI at p < 0.05 ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Islam

Hasan

Ahammed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Since early May 2022, more than 40,000MPXV infections have been reported in more than a hundred countries across five regions, prompting WHO to declare Monkeypox on 23 June 2022, as an evolving threat and of moderate public health concern [ 46 , 47 ]. A study showed the daily Monkeypox cases to be mainly in North America, Europe, and South America [ 48 ], specifically on multicounty levels in the UK, Spain, Portugal, and the USA [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors

Islam

Sangkham

Tiwari

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The emergence of an outbreak of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) is caused by a contagious zoonotic Monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has spread globally. Yet, there is no study investigating the effect of climatic changes on MPXV transmission. Thus, studies on the changing epidemiology, evolving nature of the virus, and ecological niche are highly paramount. Determination of the role of potential meteorological drivers including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, and surface pressure is beneficial to understand the MPXD outbreak. This study examines the changes in MPXV cases over time while assessing the meteorological characteristics that could impact these disparities from the onset of the global outbreak. To conduct this data-based research, several well-accepted statistical techniques including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Automatic forecasting time-series model (Prophet), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) were applied to delineate the correlation of the meteorological factors on global daily Monkeypox cases. Data on MPXV cases including affected countries spanning from May 6, 2022, to November 9, 2022, from global databases and meteorological data were used to evaluate the developed models. According to the ARIMAX model, the results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure have a positive impact [(51.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): −274.55 to 377.68), (17.32, 95% CI: −83.71 to 118.35) and (23.42, 95% CI: −9.90 to 56.75), respectively] on MPXV cases. In addition, dew/frost point, precipitation, and wind speed show a significant negative impact on MPXD cases. The Prophet model showed a significant correlation with rising MPXD cases, although the trend predicts peak values while the overall trend increases. This underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate preventive measures (timely preparedness and proactive control strategies) with utmost priority against MPXD including awareness-raising programs, the discovery, and formulation of effective vaccine candidate(s), prophylaxis and therapeutic regimes, and management strategies.

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“…We reported the SARS-CoV-2 viral amount in wastewater as concentration, viral gene copies per litre, and were able to show that the viral concentration is directly correlated with the reported number of infections. Other studies reported their data as concentration [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], and some even demonstrated that the normalization of clinical data using wastewater flow rate and percentage of sanitary flow did not significantly improve the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater and COVID-19 clinical cases in communities during the study period [ 33 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Sewage Water Circuit as Vector for SARS-CoV-2 Viral ARN Transport and Public Health Assessment, Monitoring and Forecasting—Sibiu Metropolitan Area (Transylvania/Romania) Study Case

Boeraș

Curtean–Bănăduc

Bănăduc

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Water is a risk factor for epidemics of waterborne diseases with effects on human health. In 2019, new viral pneumonia cases occurred in China and spread worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) monitoring tool in a SARS-CoV-2 hot spot (Sibiu City metropolitan area), namely to highlight the correlation between the number of infections on the days of sampling and the amount of viral RNA detected in wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected once a week, and viral RNA was extracted and quantified. In parallel, the daily number of SARS-CoV-2 infections was obtained from the local council. The correlation between the number of infections and viruses detected in sewage was measured by Pearson correlation coefficients. The results show the amount of viral RNA in the wastewater is directly correlated with the number of infections reported in the week up to the sampling day and also the number of infections reported for the sampling day. Moreover, correlation coefficients show the amount of viral RNA in wastewater increases in advance of the increase in reported infection cases. Therefore, WBE can be used as a tool for monitoring virus spread trends in human communities and can help anticipate the trend of this type of viral infection.

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Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries with onsite sanitation facilities

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors

Anthropogenic Sewage Water Circuit as Vector for SARS-CoV-2 Viral ARN Transport and Public Health Assessment, Monitoring and Forecasting—Sibiu Metropolitan Area (Transylvania/Romania) Study Case

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