Waste stabilisation ponds for anaerobic wastewater treatment

McAdam, Ewan J.; Ansari, I. A.; Cruddas, Peter; Martín-García, A. I.; Lester, J.N.; Pursell, Nick; Cartmell, Elise; Jefferson, Bruce

doi:10.1680/ensu.10.00052

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The reactor was initially seeded with 7% by volume anaerobic sludge (VS = 36 g L -1 ) collected from a 95 mesophilic AD. The AP was fed crude wastewater at a liquid flow rate of 75 L d -1 , yielding a theoretical HRT 96 of 3.1 days, which is in agreement with previous full-scale AP studies (McAdam et al, 2012). Based on an average inlet crude wastewater total Chemical Oxygen Demand (tCOD) of 546 mg L -1 , this yielded an average 98 organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.18 kgCOD m -3 d -1 which is also in the range of previous full-scale African and 99 South American studies (De Oliveira, 1990;El-Deeb Ghazy et al, 2008;Peña, 2002).…”

Section: Experimental Reactor Designsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Consequently, sludge produced at small works is tankered to centralised WwTWs comprised of AD for treatment. However, tankering costs for sludge transportation, coupled with small sludge yields from individual WwTWs and the high number of small WwTWs can prove economically prohibitive, leading to either alternate management routes for sludge (McAdam et al, 2012) or extended periods of on-site sludge storage (up to 90 days) to limit tankering frequency (Hobson, 2001). Extended residence time in holding tanks, causes the retained sludge to degrade, reducing calorific value and increasing the likelihood for the generation of local fugitive emissions (Werther and Ogada, 1999;Hobson, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there is currently extremely limited gas production data for APs treating domestic wastewater. Furthermore, the significant body of literature is based on APs applied to treatment of wastewaters with temperatures ranging 18°C to 25°C (McAdam et al, 2012), with few studies on application in temperate climates (Picot et al, 2003) largely due to a general perception that Northern European domestic wastewater cannot be treated anaerobically due to low temperatures and low organic strength (Lester et al, In Press) since kinetic rates in anaerobic degradation decrease with temperature (Lettinga et al, 2001). However, Langenhoff and Stuckey (2000) found that the Arrhenius equation, often used to model temperature effects on kinetic rates, may overestimate this decrease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of an anaerobic pond treating temperate domestic wastewater: An alternative sludge strategy for small works

Cruddas

Wang

Best³

et al. 2014

Ecological Engineering

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An anaerobic pond (AP) for treatment of temperate domestic wastewater has been studied as a small works sludge management strategy to challenge existing practice which comprises solids separation followed by open sludge storage, for up to 90 days. During the study, effluent temperature ranged between 0.1°C and 13 21.1°C. Soluble COD production was noted in the AP at effluent temperatures typically greater than 10°C and 14 was coincident with an increase in effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, which is indicative of anaerobic degradation. Analysis from ports sited along the APs length, demonstrated VFA to be primarily formed nearest the inlet where most solids deposition initially incurred, and confirmed the anaerobic reduction of sludge within this chamber. Importantly, the sludge accumulation rate was 0.06 m 3 capita-1 y-1 which is in the range of APs operated at higher temperatures and suggests a de-sludge interval of 2.3 to 3.8 years, up to 10 times longer than current practice for small works. Coincident with the solids deposition profile, biogas production was predominantly noted in the initial AP section, though biogas production increased further along the APs length following start-up. A statistically significant increase in mean biogas production of greater than an order of magnitude was measured between winters (t (n=19) = 5.52, P <0.001) 23 demonstrating continued acclimation. The maximum methane yield recorded was 2630 mgCH 4 PE d-1 , 24 approximately fifty times greater than estimated from sludge storage (57 mgCH 4 PE-1 d-1). Anaerobic ponds at 25 small works can therefore enable sludge reduction and longer sludge holding times than present, offsetting tanker demand, can reduce fugitive methane emissions currently associated with sludge storage, and based on the enhanced yield noted, could provide a viable opportunity for local energy generation.

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Section: Experimental Reactor Designsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnosis of an anaerobic pond treating temperate domestic wastewater: An alternative sludge strategy for small works

Cruddas

Wang

Best³

et al. 2014

Ecological Engineering

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“…For example, the stabilization ponds, which operate in the periodical effluents discharge mode, have become widespread in the north settlements of Canada and Norway. Besides, the stabilization ponds can be used as a tertiary treatment after aerobic biofilter that reduces the concentration of BOD5 by 96%, nitrite content by 60% and phosphate content by 90% [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-chemical wastewater treatment in Arctic conditions

et al. 2020

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The biological wastewater treatment problem of the small villages located in the Arctic zone is considered. The purpose of this research is to study the alternative wastewater treatment method in Northern settlements. Standard research methods were used: gravimetric and photometric methods of liquid analysis to achieve this goal. This article presents the physical-chemical wastewater treatment method, consisted of coagulation proses, oxidation, sand and sorption filtration. As a result of the laboratory research, the effects of pollutants removal are 96.6% (COD), 82.4% (ammonium) and 97.1% (nitrates). These effects were achieved by the technological scheme that includes a coagulation, two-stage sequential oxidation with potassium permanganate and ozone, and intermediate filtration too. The brands of coagulant and flocculant were selected, as well as their optimal doses.

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Editorial

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2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering

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Waste stabilisation ponds for anaerobic wastewater treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Diagnosis of an anaerobic pond treating temperate domestic wastewater: An alternative sludge strategy for small works

Diagnosis of an anaerobic pond treating temperate domestic wastewater: An alternative sludge strategy for small works

Physical-chemical wastewater treatment in Arctic conditions

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