Waste ostrich- and chicken-eggshells as heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil: Catalyst characterization and biodiesel yield performance

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s Ostrich-eggshell waste as the raw material to synthesize calcium oxide heterogeneous base catalyst. Biofuel, biodiesel is produced from waste cooking oil via two steps transesterification reaction. Biodiesel yield was 96% and 94% for calcined ostrich-and calcined chicken-eggshells under same optima reaction condition. Biodiesel produced from calcined ostrich-eggshell and calcined chicken-eggshell satisfied ASTM D6751.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Eggshell Membranes Prepared Using Sodium Acetate and Zinc Metal Activation

“…It contains features that can be attributed to amines, amides, CaCO 3 , = C-H and =CH 2 , which remained in CDESM after preparation at 400°C. Especially, carboxylate CO 3 2-of CaCO 3 is still not completely decomposed after preparation at 400°C, which is demonstrated by FTIR peaks at 3367, 1431 and 712 cm −1 of C-O asymmetric stretching and out of plane bending vibration modes (Tan et al, 2015). The peaks indicating the presence of amines and amides in the ESMs are also located at 3367 cm −1 with an additional peak at 1650 cm −1 (Tsai et al, 2006).…”

“…1. Figure 1a shows that the FTIR spectrum of CDESM prepared at 400°C contains peaks at 3367 cm −1 (N-H bonds or C-O asymmetric stretching), 2919 cm −1 (C-H bonds in = C-H and = CH 2 groups), 1760 cm −1 (C=O stretching vibration in carboxylic groups), 1650 cm −1 (amide C=O stretching), 1431 cm −1 (CaO, C=C) and 712 cm −1 ( 2 3 CO − of calcite) (Mami et al, 2008;Baláž et al, 2016;Tan et al, 2015;Botomé et al, 2017;Zaki et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2006). It contains features that can be attributed to amines, amides, CaCO 3 , = C-H and =CH 2 , which remained in CDESM after preparation at 400°C.…”

Ostrich Eggshell as an Alternative Source of Calcium Ions for Biomaterials Synthesis

“…During the first laying season, females lay between 10 and 30 eggs with this rate later increasing to between 40 and 70 eggs. Moreover, when kept healthy and in good conditions they can remain productive for 25-35 years 9 .…”

Potential of Ripe Plantain Fruit Peels as an Ecofriendly Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis: Optimization by Artificial Neural Network Integrated with Genetic Algorithm

“…We recently demonstrated that by using cocoa pod husk ash calcined at 700 • C as the catalyst, 99.3 wt % biodiesel yield could be achieved using neem oil and methanol via the transesterification process, which was optimized using RSM [5]. In Tan et al [6], waste cooking oil, methanol, and Ostrich-eggshell ash calcined at 1000 • C were used to attain 96 wt % biodiesel yield in a transesterification reaction carried out at room temperature while 96 wt % yield biodiesel was obtained from yellow oleander oil and methanol using burnt banana trunk as catalyst [7], however both studies were not optimized. In a separate study, both RSM and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to optimize the transesterification reaction of yellow oleander oil and methanol using unripe plantain peel ash calcined at 500 • C as catalyst.…”