Waste Management Threats to Human Health and Urban Aquatic Habitats – A Case Study of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mazhindu, Elias; Gumbo, Trynos; Gondo, Tendayi

doi:10.5772/48077

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Inadequate collection, transport or improper disposal of household waste can have adverse health impacts. Potential health hazards from the accumulation of polluted water, which provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and attract flies, vermin [78].…”

Section: Sources Of Solid Waste Generated and Their Percentage Sharementioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Tassie

Endalew

Mulugeta

2019

AJEE

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Municipal Solid Waste management is one of the most fundamental issues in the contemporary urban environments particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. A huge generation of waste coupled with unbalanced waste management services is the major challenges facing the City of Addis Ababa. A continuous increase of production of more wastes and change in the composition of waste into complex, the waste management practice is challenged by low prioritization of waste management, limited revenues for financing waste management with the ever increasing population of this city. This retrospective study received documents from books, thesis works, annual waste management conference reports, journals on waste management, newsletters, abstracts and proceedings which can properly address the main factors that strongly hinder proper waste management and the extent to which community is aware of appropriate waste disposal systems in Addis Ababa city. The mechanism of Addis Ababa city Sanitation, Beautification and Park Development Authority to coordinate stakeholders has played a vital role in waste management. However, the daily monitoring of waste management by the community development section has not been sufficient because of poor governance where accountability, participation and transparency are lacking. It is also unauthorized solid waste dumping practice problem in different locations and has an effect on water sources and its resources. Effective involvement of both private and public sectors should improve waste management and provide door-to-door collection, street sweeping and facilitate drainage disposable canals. Therefore, an integrated solid waste management practice should be implemented for the City and also for the surrounding environment. As a result, strong political will, multi-sectoral approach, public awareness and participation, strategic planning, adequate funding and the adoption of Integrated Solid Waste Management is recommended SWM system required in Addis Ababa city.

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Section: Sources Of Solid Waste Generated and Their Percentage Sharementioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Tassie

Endalew

Mulugeta

2019

AJEE

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“…Sometimes waste is collected at the household level but then remains at transfer points without being evacuated from the neighbourhood [82][83][84]. Both liquid and solid waste management practices in urban informal settlements can pose significant risks to the environment and human health [85]. Open drains regularly receive household waste which can contain hazardous substances, polluting the wider environment and affecting the health of the local population [81,86].…”

Section: Vulnerable Placesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often local authorities fail to provide frequent garbage collection services due to the government's low human and financial resource availability, high population density, and unplanned residential areas [87]. Waste disposed in the streets for many hours awaiting collection becomes a nuisance, forming foul-smells and leachate from the waste pile, attracting insects and rodents, which become vectors of diseases [85,88]. Improper disposal of waste creates and disseminates pathogens which can quickly spread among human and animal populations in the city.…”

Section: Vulnerable Placesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study shows that a maximum of 12.7 out of 275 million metric tons plastic waste enters the ocean, creating hazards for marine ecosystems [90], resulting in the cost of 13 billion USD/year for marine conservation initiatives [91]. Improper waste management practices contaminate the oceans and freshwater bodies in many parts of the world [85]. The vegetation near landfill sites is often damaged due to the replacement of oxygen by other gases produced in the root zones, causing the death of plants on the long term [85,92].…”

Section: Vulnerable Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low- and middle-income countries

Gutberlet

Uddin

2017

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

120

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Household waste has evolved into a core urban challenge, with increased quantities of waste being generated and with more complex material compositions, often containing toxic and hazardous elements. Critical systems theory understands cities as urban metabolisms, with different material and energy flows, highlighting the circularity in production, consumption, and discard. Waste pickers in low- and medium-income countries work on dumps and landfills, sifting through highly contaminated household waste and are exposed to health hazards. This paper discusses the risk factors, hazards, and vulnerabilities waste pickers are exposed to during collection and separation of recyclables, based on the review of literature on waste and environmental health and on findings from participatory research with waste pickers conducted in Brazil. We take a social and environmental justice perspective and identify the vulnerabilities and waste-borne hazards of household waste, associated with these workers, their communities, watersheds, and the environment. Household waste, although not always per se toxic or hazardous, can become a hazard if not collected or inadequately managed. Those communities where household waste is not collected or waste collection is insufficient are the most critical places. Informal and organized waste pickers, municipal or private waste collectors/workers, small waste traders and sometimes residents, particularly small children, may be considered vulnerable if exposed to waste-borne hazards. The results include recommendations to address household waste-borne hazards and vulnerabilities, according to waste workers involved in this research.

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“…In Addis Ababa, rivers and riversides are among the natural resources that are negatively affected by the rapid watershed urbanization (Worku and Giweta, 2018;AACSPPO, 2017;Yohannes, and Elias, 2017;Mazhindu et al, 2012;Gebre and Rooijen, 2009;Alemayehu, 2001). Land-use change and deforestation in Addis Ababa have resulted in high level of river water pollution, which has become a threat to human health and native biodiversity causing habitat loss and fragmentation (AACSPPO, 2017;Weldegebriele et al, 2012;Beyene et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

 the Impact of Watershed Land Use on River Water Quality: Implication for Planning in the Case of Kebena River Watershed, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Asnake¹,

Worku²,

Argaw³

2020

Preprint

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Background: The impact of watershed land-use on surface water quality, especially in urbanized areas, has been investigated in numerous studies in developed countries, however, the issue is one of the under researched areas in developing cities of Africa. To study the impact of watershed land-use on surface water quality, we used the main land use types of the Kebena watershed from aerial photograph and collected river water samples during the dry and wet seasons for two consecutive years at different points from the river course. We calculated the share of each land use using ArcGIS and tested the water quality during each season. The variations in water quality parameters relating to the different land use types of the sub-watersheds were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Kebena watershed is mainly covered by 39.14% forest, 32.51% built-up area and 27.25% cultivated land. At sub-catchment level, Denkaka, (agriculture dominated) sub-catchment with 44.90 % cultivated land, Little Kebena, (forest dominated) sub-catchment, with 60.87% forest cover and Ginfle (urban dominated) sub-catchment with 90.44% built-up area were identified. The variations in water quality parameters relating to the different land use types of Kebena watershed revealed the significantly high seasonal relationship between the concentration of the water quality indicators during the dry season at (P<0.001, P<0.05). Furthermore, there is a strong positive relationship between the urban and forest dominated sub-catchments and water quality indicators during both the wet and dry seasons than agriculture dominated sub-catchment.Conclusion: Integrating watershed planning with land use planning, therefore, becomes one of the vital tools to address water quality problems in a holistic manner to further prioritize restoration and protection strategies for specific sub-catchments. Thus, in the urban dominated sub-catchment, relocating riverfront communities, providing a well-designed sewage system, applying appropriate storm water management schemes, are some of the important measures while providing wide river buffers with various vegetation cover are necessary to minimize pollutants influx to the river from the agriculture dominated sub-catchment. Furthermore, in the forested sub-catchment, applying preventive measures to retain and enhance connectivity of the existing natural green spaces through open space planning, development and management schemes is crucial.

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Waste Management Threats to Human Health and Urban Aquatic Habitats – A Case Study of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low- and middle-income countries

the Impact of Watershed Land Use on River Water Quality: Implication for Planning in the Case of Kebena River Watershed, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Waste Management Threats to Human Health and Urban Aquatic Habitats – A Case Study of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low- and middle-income countries

&nbsp;the Impact of Watershed Land Use on River Water Quality: Implication for Planning in the Case of Kebena River Watershed, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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the Impact of Watershed Land Use on River Water Quality: Implication for Planning in the Case of Kebena River Watershed, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia