Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Abstract

Municipal Solid Waste management is one of the most fundamental issues in the contemporary urban environments particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. A huge generation of waste coupled with unbalanced waste management services is the major challenges facing the City of Addis Ababa. A continuous increase of production of more wastes and change in the composition of waste into complex, the waste management practice is challenged by low prioritization of waste management, limited revenues for financing waste management with the ever increasing population of this city. This retrospective study received documents from books, thesis works, annual waste management conference reports, journals on waste management, newsletters, abstracts and proceedings which can properly address the main factors that strongly hinder proper waste management and the extent to which community is aware of appropriate waste disposal systems in Addis Ababa city. The mechanism of Addis Ababa city Sanitation, Beautification and Park Development Authority to coordinate stakeholders has played a vital role in waste management. However, the daily monitoring of waste management by the community development section has not been sufficient because of poor governance where accountability, participation and transparency are lacking. It is also unauthorized solid waste dumping practice problem in different locations and has an effect on water sources and its resources. Effective involvement of both private and public sectors should improve waste management and provide door-to-door collection, street sweeping and facilitate drainage disposable canals. Therefore, an integrated solid waste management practice should be implemented for the City and also for the surrounding environment. As a result, strong political will, multi-sectoral approach, public awareness and participation, strategic planning, adequate funding and the adoption of Integrated Solid Waste Management is recommended SWM system required in Addis Ababa city.

Factors and Constraints Hindering Effective Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Study of Northern Uganda

“…This finding conforms with the study by Tassie-Wegedie [21] The study also pointed out that open dumping is the commonest method of solid waste dumping being practiced followed by landfill. This finding is consistent with earlier study findings by Tassie [23] which reported that open dumping is the most widespread method of solid waste disposal in most urban centres in developing countries and it typically involves the uncontrolled disposal of waste without measures to control leachate, dust, and odours. These results reveal that people yet do not clearly distinguish between the landfill and open dump making them not feel bad.…”

Municipal Solid Waste Management Policies, Practices, and Challenges in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

“…However, the amount of waste generated was different from each source. For example, among the total municipal solid waste generation of Addis Ababa, households account for 70%, commercial institutions 9%, industries 6%, hotels 3%, hospitals 1%, street sweepings 10%, and other sources accounted for 1% [51]. This shows that the majority of municipal solid waste generation comes from households.…”

“…Solid waste collection is one of the main components of municipal solid waste management [51]. In urban areas of Ethiopia, formal solid waste collection is mostly conducted by micro and small enterprises that collect waste door-to-door and transport the waste to facilities and disposal points [39].…”

“…Hence, transfer and transport activities for municipal solid waste include those related to transferring the waste from the collection areas to temporary storage places and transporting it to the processing facilities and final disposal sites. A previous study conducted on MSWM in Addis Ababa states that the municipality is responsible for the transportation of municipal solid waste to waste-to-energy plants and final disposal sites, and the role of micro and small enterprises is limited in the transportation of solid waste [51]. However, the towns and cities of developing countries have insufficient transfer and transport facilities for solid waste.…”

Rethinking of the Solid Waste Management System of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…However, most of the waste is compostable, 47% ashes, leaves 15.7%, 4.2% vegetables, and the remaining wastes that can be recycled are plastics 2.9%, cardboard and paper 2.5%, metal 0.9%, and glasses 0.5%. Another study conducted by Tassie et al [26] indicates that about 86% of the total waste generated is degradable (easily decomposable). Different studies have shown different compositions of waste in Addis Ababa.…”