Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Use in Two Off-Road Diesel Engines

Abstract

This study examines the composition and combustion performance of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. Six fuel batches produced from waste oil used in dining-hall fryers were examined to determine their physical and chemical properties, including their elemental and fatty acid methyl ester composition. Oleic and linoleic methyl esters accounted for more than 70% of the fuel composition, while the oxygen content averaged 10.2% by weight. Exhaust emissions were monitored for 5-100% biodiesel blends using two off-road engines: a 2007 Yanmar diesel generator and a 1993 John Deere front mower. Increasing biodiesel content resulted in reduced emissions of partial combustion products from the diesel generator but a rise in NO x , with the greatest changes occurring between 5 and 20% biodiesel content. For the riding mower, biodiesel content up to 50% had little effect on emissions, while NO x and total hydrocarbon emissions decreased with 100% biodiesel. The difference in NO x emissions is attributed to the two different fuel injection control designs used in the two engines. These results indicate that the effects of biodiesel use on nonroad engine exhaust emissions may be substantially lower in older engines optimized for performance over emissions control.

Investigating the compression ignition combustion of multiple biodiesel/ULSD (ultra-low sulfur diesel) blends via common-rail injection

“…The molecular composition of the neat biodiesels was determined through gas chromatography e mass spectrometry and is shown in Table 6. Cetane numbers for each fuel blend were calculated using a mass-weighted average of published individual fatty acid cetane numbers [32,33] and an assumed cetane number of 40 for ULSD. Similarly, the oxygen content of the fuel blends was estimated using weighted averages of the respective neat biodiesel and ULSD oxygen contents [31e33].…”

Pollutant Emissions and Combustion Efficiency Assessment of Engines Using Biodiesel

“…A specific example is incomplete combustion [20]. The effect of this incomplete combustion is reflected in the increase of some polluting gases in tests made with biofuels in diesel engine generators, showing a reduction in HC and CO but an increase in NOx [21] and a decrease in the emission of suspended particles (PMs) and CO 2 [22]. There are many studies related to electric generators; alternative fuels have been analyzed to find the ones that offer the most significant benefits, with biodiesel considered the best alternative to meet the world's energy demands [23].…”

Production of biodiesel from three indigenous feedstock: Optimization of process parameters and assessment of various fuel properties

“…Guo et al . reported emission characteristics of WCOME blends in two engines, Yanmar 3TN75RJ, three cylinders installed in a 1993F1145John Deere Front Mower and Yanmar 100V6‐GY single cylinder installed in a 2007 YDG 5500EVdiesel generator and concluded that blended WVOME can be used commercially without engine modification. Al‐Widyan et al .…”

“…Banerjee et al [17] synthesized WVOME by transesterification and concluded that major properties of WVOME meet the diesel fuel but due to high viscosity, it cannot be used directly in diesel engine. Guo et al [18] reported emission characteristics of WCOME blends in two engines, Yanmar 3TN75RJ, three cylinders installed in a 1993F1145John Deere Front Mower and Yanmar 100V6-GY single cylinder installed in a 2007 YDG 5500EVdiesel generator and concluded that blended WVOME can be used commercially without engine modification. Al-Widyan et al [19] synthesized WCOME and evaluated its emission and engine performance in DI diesel engine to meet ASTM specifications.…”