Wasserdampfschichtung über dem Meer und „Rauhigkeit” der Meeresoberfläche

Brocks, Karl

doi:10.1007/bf02247094

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With the accumulation of further evidence it now seems doubtful if the change is as sudden as Sverdrup and Munk then supposed. Brocks (1955) in a careful study of the available data on water vapour profiles finds that the weight of evidence is in favour of the sea surface behaving as hydrodynamically smooth in light winds but that with increasing wind the evaporation and drag coefficients increase to higher values rather gradually-a conclusion in accordance with the present observations. Some wind profile observations by Hay (1955) give a similar indication; he finds that 0lO rises from about 0 ·0015 at 6·5 m/sec to o ·0023 at 11 m/sec, a variation paralleling fairly closely that of our curve in Figure 5.…”

Section: ·Oo4 R----r----r----r----r----r----------supporting

confidence: 81%

Wind Profiles over the Sea and the Drag at the Sea Surface

Deacon¹,

Pa²,

Webb³

1956

Aust. J. Phys.

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SummaryWind speeds were measured at heights up to 13 m over the sea by means of anemometers mounted on a mast attached to the jib-boom of a small vessel and another on the foremast cross-trees. The vertical temperature gradient and air/sea temperature differences were also observed. On some occasions wind and temperature structures were explored up to 80-100 m by kite balloon.A method of observation was devised whereby the effect of the ship's hull on the wind speeds was eliminated and from the corrected profiles surface drag coefficients were calculated. For neutral conditions and fetch of wind over the sea of 20-40 km it is found that the drag coefficient (for 10 m reference height) is about O· 0010 in light winds rising to about 0·0021 at wind speeds from 10 to 15 m/sec.The drag coefficient is probably rather sensitive to stability variations, increasing' particularly in the direction of instability, but the effects of variation in fetch of the wind over water are much less evident. In proximity to shallow water the drag coefficient increases appreciably.

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Section: ·Oo4 R----r----r----r----r----r----------supporting

confidence: 81%

Wind Profiles over the Sea and the Drag at the Sea Surface

Deacon¹,

Pa²,

Webb³

1956

Aust. J. Phys.

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“…B. mit (6) und (18)) findet man z. B. bei Brocks [7]. In unserer Arbeit wurde aber bei allen Untersuchungen die G1.…”

Section: Das Problem Der Parametrisierungunclassified

The profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity above a free water surface

Dobesch

1973

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A.

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“…As regards F , BROCKS (1955) has analysed a large number of humidity profile data without finding a sudden rise, though this cannot be considered conclusive because of observational errors and the grou ing of data, tinuity. The numerical values of E given by Brocks for ti = 3 m sec-1 and u = 10 m sec-1 agree well with those used by Jacobs.…”

Section: -E) Udsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaporation-Precipitation Cycle of the Trades

Kraus¹

1959

Tellus

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The area distribution of surface wind strengths between 30° S and 30° N is expressed as a function of the median velocity, on the basis of climatological data. This is used to obtain estimates of evaporation and energy dissipation over the same area. The main energy supply of the trade circulation is due to condensation in the equatorial trough. It depends partly on evaporation into the trade winds at some earlier time. A study of the energy balance shows that this may lead to oscillations with a period of about 3 weeks; corresponding to the mode of the time which elapses between the evaporation and the precipitation of the same vapour molecules. Disturbances or fluctuations in the direct meridional circulation of the sub‐tropics may be initiated by changes in the infra‐red cooling rate and by changes in the height of the tropopause. It is suggested tentatively that this could be caused by changes in the ozone distribution above the tropical tropopause.

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Wasserdampfschichtung über dem Meer und „Rauhigkeit” der Meeresoberfläche

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Wind Profiles over the Sea and the Drag at the Sea Surface

Wind Profiles over the Sea and the Drag at the Sea Surface

The profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity above a free water surface

The Evaporation-Precipitation Cycle of the Trades

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