SummaryWind speeds were measured at heights up to 13 m over the sea by means of anemometers mounted on a mast attached to the jib-boom of a small vessel and another on the foremast cross-trees. The vertical temperature gradient and air/sea temperature differences were also observed. On some occasions wind and temperature structures were explored up to 80-100 m by kite balloon.A method of observation was devised whereby the effect of the ship's hull on the wind speeds was eliminated and from the corrected profiles surface drag coefficients were calculated. For neutral conditions and fetch of wind over the sea of 20-40 km it is found that the drag coefficient (for 10 m reference height) is about O· 0010 in light winds rising to about 0·0021 at wind speeds from 10 to 15 m/sec.The drag coefficient is probably rather sensitive to stability variations, increasing' particularly in the direction of instability, but the effects of variation in fetch of the wind over water are much less evident. In proximity to shallow water the drag coefficient increases appreciably.
Windows on Meteorology: Australian Perspective answers a host of questions about Australia's weather and climate, and explains the underlying causes of floods, droughts and cyclones. Vivid accounts of dust storms and the mysteries of the 'morning glory' cloud lines are revealed.The book highlights the perception in Aboriginal culture of the connection between seasons and natural cycles, through aspects of Aboriginal mythology and language, and contains a unique Aboriginal seasonal calendar. The influence of climate on Australia's wildlife is illustrated with fascinating accounts of the evolution of burrowing frogs, shrimps and desert kangaroos. A history of Australian meteorology from early European settlement onwards, covers subjects such as a nineteenth century view of the links between climate and health, the development of instruments, cloud physics research and the Southern Oscillation connection. The final chapters bring the reader up to date with the most recent technical developments in research and applications such as satellite remote sensing, radar and fast response instruments.
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