WASS: An open-source pipeline for 3D stereo reconstruction of ocean waves

Bergamasco, Filippo; Torsello, Andrea; Sclavo, Mauro; Barbariol, Francesco; Benetazzo, Alvise

doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2017.07.001

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we use a stereo wave imaging system (based on the Wave Acquisition Stereo System, WASS; Benetazzo, 2006;Bergamasco et al, 2017;Benetazzo et al, 2016) and an X-band marine wave radar (hereinafter WR; Ludeno et al, 2014;Serafino et al, 2012) to collect spatio-temporal fields of the sea surface elevation z, that is, z (x, y, t), where x = (x, y) denotes the horizontal coordinate vector, and t the time. Instruments were installed on the Acqua Alta oceanographic research platform (Figure 1 Stereo cameras were deployed on the northeast side of the platform, 2.5 m apart, and at 12.5 m height ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo imaging and X-band radar wave data fusion: An assessment

et al. 2018

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The use of spatial and spatio-temporal data is rapidly changing the paradigm of wind wave observations, which have been traditionally restricted to time series from single-point measurements (e.g. from buoys, wave gauges). Active and passive 2D remote sensors mounted on platforms, ships, airplanes and satellites are now becoming standards in the oceanographic community and industry. Given the covered area ranging from centimeters to kilometers, such sensors are now a valuable tool for ocean and coastal observations. In this paper, we intercompare spatio-temporal wind wave data acquired with two state-of-the-art techniques, namely the stereo wave imaging and the X-band marine radar. The comparison was performed by operating the two instruments on an oceanographic research platform during a crossing-sea condition. We analyzed the statistical properties of the wave field, and its directional and omni-directional energy distributions. From our analysis, we suggest that stereo data can be exploited to find the best radar Modulation Transfer Function and scale factor needed to estimate wave parameters. Moreover, the fusion of the two systems will allow to broaden the scales covered by any one measurement, and to retrieve reliable directional wave spectra from short (∼1 m) to midwavelengths (∼100 m). Highlights ► We compare spatio-temporal wave data from stereo imaging and X-band radar. ► We use stereo data to improve the radar Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and scale factor. ► The fusion of the two systems will allow covering spatial scales broader than any one measurement. Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site.

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Section: Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo imaging and X-band radar wave data fusion: An assessment

et al. 2018

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“…In recent years various image based systems have been developed and implemented at various scales for the spatial and temporal measurement of water surface elevation 2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , particle velocity [15][16][17] , or both simultaneously [18][19][20] . One way to categorise these imaging based methods for spatial surface measurement is by considering the different properties of light at the interface of two different fluids 8 (air and water).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct imaging based techniques can be considered the most advanced and robust of these methods, which in part is due to the wider adoption of the methodology. Typical methods include digital image correlation (photogrammetry) 9,[21][22][23] , Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) 15,18,19 , and Particle Tracer Velocimetry (PTV) 16,20,24 . Commercially, there are several turn-key systems available for capturing and processing data of this type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of full-scale wave measurements some groups have recently improved stereo videogrammetry algorithms to identify and compensate for specular reflection, including the release of an open source software referred to as Wave Acquisition Stereo System (WASS) 9 . The WASS software has been shown to be effective for full scale measurement of water waves in a large measurement area (30 m x 30 m) 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of photogrammetry for spatial free surface elevation and velocity measurement in wave flumes

Fleming

Winship

Macfarlane

2018

Proceedings of the IMechE

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This article presents a method for obtaining the spatial free surface elevation and velocity field for the water surface in a wave flume over a relatively large measurement area for this type of application (approximately 1.5 m × 1.5 m). The technique employs proprietary videogrammetry software to post-process stereo images captured by multiple synchronised machine vision cameras. Dimensional resolution and other limitations are similar to that experienced for particle imaging velocimetry systems ( x, y resolution of 2 mm). Imaging of the free surface was enabled by the use of millions of bespoke slightly positively buoyant fluorescent flakes. Ultraviolet light was used as the primary light source to excite the fluorescent flakes. Reflected ultraviolet light was attenuated by a high-pass filter fitted to the cameras so that only the emitted light from the fluorescent flakes was visible. The software was validated using a simple linear translation experiment. An application is demonstrated for the radiated wave field generated from a submerged sinusoidal heaving sphere for two cases: one single and five consecutive oscillations. Results agree with linear wave theory which indicates that the floating flakes had minimal impact on the water surface particle motion at the scale tested. It is, therefore, concluded that spatial measurement of the free surface elevation and velocity using the method presented has good resolution over a large measurement field. The flakes were found to follow the free surface well, but the measurement area is constrained to where the pattern of flakes exists in the image. Hence, application of floating markers is not suitable for experiments with significant outflow/upwelling which would wash away the floating markers from the intended measurement area.

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“…Although these simulators can accurately describe the 3D characteristics of accidents, the efficiencies are very low so that the professionals will take much time to obtain the analysis results. With the wide application of virtual reality (VR), geographic information sys tem (GIS) and 3D visualization technologies in the fields such as military [9], medical [10], [11], architecture [12], [13] and other engineering fields [14], [15], these technologies have been gradually introduced and applied in the field of safety engineering. However, these simulators didn't realize the 3D reconstruction of major accidents in chemical industrial parks, especially in terms of 3D effects including occurrence, development and consequence simulation of MHI accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction of Simulated Vapor Cloud Explosion Triggered by Major Hazard Installation

Chen¹,

Yan²,

Hu³

et al. 2018

IJMO

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As one of the most frequently occurring accidents in a petrochemical enterprise, a vapor cloud explosion (VCE) is likely to occur when the vapor cloud is formed due to the leakage of a major hazard installation (MHI) storing massive flammable and explosive media. In particular, a VCE in the storage area of petrochemical enterprise may cause domino accidents if it is out of control. Considering the safety and economy of large-scale accident experiment, this paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method to describe VCE triggered by MHI. The method describes 3D hazard characteristics of VCE based on the Netherlands Organization (TNO) multi-energy method. To enhance the sensing cognition of VCE, a 3D reconstruction system is developed based on the virtual reality (VR) idea. Finally, the system is applied in an actual petrochemical enterprise to simulate the dynamic effects and the consequences of VCE. The results show that the 3D reconstruction system is of lifelike and visual characteristics, which not only embodies the great practical application value of the VR technology in the field of safety engineering, but also provides references for safety management, disaster prediction, risk assessment, emergency response and safety planning of petrochemical enterprises.

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WASS: An open-source pipeline for 3D stereo reconstruction of ocean waves

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Stereo imaging and X-band radar wave data fusion: An assessment

Stereo imaging and X-band radar wave data fusion: An assessment

Application of photogrammetry for spatial free surface elevation and velocity measurement in wave flumes

3D Reconstruction of Simulated Vapor Cloud Explosion Triggered by Major Hazard Installation

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