Was RA Fisher Right?

Abstract

Randomized controlled trials have become the most respected scientific tool to measure the effectiveness of a medical therapy. The design, conduct and analysis of randomized controlled trials were developed by Sir Ronald A. Fisher, a mathematician in Great Britain. Fisher propounded that the process of randomization would equally distribute all the known and even unknown covariates in the two or more comparison groups, so that any difference observed could be ascribed to treatment effect. Today, we observe that in many situations, this prediction of Fisher does not stand true; hence, adaptive randomization schedules have been designed to adjust for major imbalance in important covariates. Present essay unravels some weaknesses inherent in Fisherian concept of randomized controlled trial.

Tellurium(IV) Complexes Containing Bidentate Schiff Base and their Biological Activities

“…Tellurium(IV) chloride is also known to form adducts with amides [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and thiourea 39 , thus reflecting its acceptor behaviour. Also, organyltellurium(IV) chlorides are known [31][32][33][34][35][36][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] to behave as Lewis acids and form complexes with several N˗, O˗ and S˗ donor bases. In view of this, we have investigated the reactions of tellurium(IV) chloride and organyltellurium(IV) chlorides with o-hydroxybenzaldehyde-3-aminopyridine Schiff base (3-APY-{SalH}), to synthesize some new complexes of tellurium(IV).…”

Investigation on Some Tellurium(IV) Complexes of Bidentate(ON) Schiff Base Derived from o-Vanillin and 2-Aminophenol

“…The present study has thrown more light on the chelating behaviour of Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and 2-aminophenol towards organyltellurium(IV) chlorides which are known [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] to act as Lewis acid. These complexes have been examined for their antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi.…”

New Aryltellurium(IV) Complexes Containing NO Donor Schiff Base Derived from Vanillin and 4-Aminoantipyrine

“…Also, aryltellurium(IV) chlorides are known to act as Lewis acids [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and form complexes with several N-, O-and S-donor bases. As a part of our continuing interest on the synthesis of potential bioactive compounds, we hereby report the synthesis, characterization and biological studies on aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides, ArTeCl 3 and diaryltellurium(IV) dichlorides, Ar 2 TeCl 2 complexes with Schiff base derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and vanillin.…”