“…The protesters were admonished to be patient until plans could be made for them to become involved later (Schwesinger, 1943). However, after a 2-year wait, the women formed the National Council of Women Psychologists (NCWP) and organized their own contributions to the war effort.…”
The Committee on Women in Psychology (CWP) of the American Psychological Association was founded in 1973 in response to the report of the Task Force on the Status of Women in Psychology. In this article, we set the context for the founding of the task force and committee and briefly describe the history of feminist critique of, and activism within, organized psychology in the United States. From its inception to the present day, CWP has been known as an activist group. We review some of the major contributions CWP has made over four decades in service of the feminist transformation of psychology. We also review the committee's major contributions to psychology in the public interest, especially to the physical and mental health and wellbeing of women.
“…The protesters were admonished to be patient until plans could be made for them to become involved later (Schwesinger, 1943). However, after a 2-year wait, the women formed the National Council of Women Psychologists (NCWP) and organized their own contributions to the war effort.…”
The Committee on Women in Psychology (CWP) of the American Psychological Association was founded in 1973 in response to the report of the Task Force on the Status of Women in Psychology. In this article, we set the context for the founding of the task force and committee and briefly describe the history of feminist critique of, and activism within, organized psychology in the United States. From its inception to the present day, CWP has been known as an activist group. We review some of the major contributions CWP has made over four decades in service of the feminist transformation of psychology. We also review the committee's major contributions to psychology in the public interest, especially to the physical and mental health and wellbeing of women.
“…Despite the need to fill vacated and new positions, women's initial entry was met with resistance, and there was even stronger resistance to hire Black women. As Schwesinger (1943) wrote, when war came to a country, men should fight, and women should wait. Within our time, however, war has become more than men fighting on the battle lines and women waiting and weeping at home.…”
The authors critically examine the development of career counseling for women during the early 20th century. The development of career counseling for women lagged behind career counseling for men. Challenges, such as feminization of occupations, restricted occupational opportunities, and societal norms, stunted the development of career counseling for women. Furthermore, career counseling for women varied based on racial groups. Early writings discussed opportunities specifically geared toward White, college‐educated, nonimmigrant women. Although these beginning opportunities provided formal guidance to White women, many other women were excluded from formal career counseling and are not represented in these writings. Implications include training practitioners to recognize their own biases when working with women, how gender bias influences career counseling inventories and career theories, and how counselors can challenge these biases and stereotypes to provide the full range of career opportunities to women. Future research should address the impact of career counseling on women of color.
“…Brotemarkle met with the group once again. Anxious to stem the tide of discontent, he adamantly denied any discrimination existed in civilian emergency appointments and pleaded with them to be patient (O'Shea, 1941a;Schwesinger, 1943).…”
Section: Mobilization and The Role Of Womenmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…News of Pearl Harbor, coming shortly after the initial momentum, further strengthened the women's resolve. On December 8, a call letter went out to local psychologists; on December 15, approximately 50 women met and voted to officially organize the NCWP (Armstrong, 1946;Schwesinger, 1943).…”
Section: Ncwpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The women protested their cavalier treatment and subsequently founded the National Council of Women Psychologists (NCWP) to promote female concerns and action. Convinced that there were ways to utilize their training and experience in the war effort, these women were vociferously determined "not to take no for an answer" (Schwesinger, 1943, Despite this feminist battle cry, individual and organizational efforts by women to secure, much less to expand, their professional sphere in psychology succeeded poorly in World War 11. The military agencies and government bureaus that willingly embraced male academics proved less interested in recognizing the expertise of women psychologists.…”
This essay explores the complex relationship among gender, professionalization, and ideology that developed as psychologists mobilized for World War II. Upon being excluded from mobilization plans by the male leaders of the profession, women psychologists organized the National Council of Women Psychologists to advance their interests. But while their male colleagues enjoyed new employment opportunities in the military services and government agencies, the women were confined largely to volunteer activities in their local communities. Although women psychologists succeeded in gaining representation on wartime committees and in drawing attention to their professional problems, they were unable to change the status quo in psychology. Situated in a cultural milieu that stressed the masculine nature of science, women psychologists were hampered by their own acceptance of a professional ideology of meritocratic reward, and remained ambivalent about their feminist activities.
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