Warnings and Hazard Communications

Wogalter, Michael S.; Mayhorn, Christopher B.; Laughery, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1002/9781119636113.ch24

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 126 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HSs are used for hazards that are unfeasible to completely design out via engineering or guard against (Wogalter et al, 2021). The content of an HS should include information about the hazard, its consequences, and mitigation, and with this information, a person should be able to avoid or mitigate the hazard (Laughery & Wogalter, 2006; Wogalter et al, 2021). In procedures, the presentation of HSs should facilitate the likelihood that workers will attend to, process, and comply with the statements and ultimately behave in a safe manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a wealth of studies regarding the design of HSs for consumer products (Cheatham & Wogalter, 2003; Wogalter et al, 2021; Young et al, 1995), there is little in the context of procedures (e.g., standard operating procedures [SOPs]). This may be especially pertinent for hazard communication including health, environmental, and safety information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Hazard Statement Design Elements in Procedures: Counterintuitive Findings and Implications for Standards

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The objective of these studies was to identify hazard statement (HS) design elements in procedures that affected whether both workers and lab participants performed the associated hazard mitigation. Background Many of the incidents in high-risk industries are the result of issues with procedures (e.g., standard operating procedures; SOPs) workers use to support their performance. HSs in these procedures are meant to communicate potential work hazards and methods of mitigating those hazards. However, there is little empirical research regarding whether current hazard design guidelines for consumer products translate to procedures. Method Two experimental studies—(1) a laboratory study and (2) a high-fidelity simulation—manipulated the HS design elements present in procedures participants used while performing tasks. Participants’ adherence to the mitigation of the hazard was compared for the HS designs. Results The guidelines for HSs from consumer products did not translate to procedures. Specifically, the presence of an alert icon, a box around the statement, and highlighting the statement did not improve adherence to HSs. Indeed, the only consistent finding was for the Icon, with its presence reliably predicting nonadherence in both studies. Additionally, the total number of design elements did not have a positive effect on adherence. Conclusion These findings indicate that more fundamental procedure HSs research is needed to identify effective designs as well as to understand the potential attentional mechanisms associated with these findings. Application The findings from these studies indicate that current regulations and guidelines should be revisited regarding hazard presentation in procedures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Hazard Statement Design Elements in Procedures: Counterintuitive Findings and Implications for Standards

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GHS pictograms are the iconic transcription of international standards for the harmonized classification of chemical hazards, developed to be a common language across cultures in a globalized world . It is collection of context-specific visual symbols designed to enhance communication and understanding in the working environments: the lowest common denominator approach to communicate physical, health, and environmental hazards of chemicals. , They are used to replace written messages that must be readily decoded, to capture users’ attention, and to improve/increase users’ awareness of hazards and risks of chemicals at work. ,, They should serve as instant reminders of hazards, since they are supposed to be interpreted quicker than words , and should improve the recall of conceptual knowledge and problem solving information …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…72,73 They are used to replace written messages that must be readily decoded, to capture users' attention, and to improve/increase users' awareness of hazards and risks of chemicals at work. 40,71,74 They should serve as instant reminders of hazards, since they are supposed to be interpreted quicker than words 75,76 and should improve the recall of conceptual knowledge and problem solving information. 75 The results showed that pictograms were freely and promptly recalled (Table 4) and the first overall most commonly read label element (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Technicians’ Use and Interpretation of Hazard Communication Elements on Chemical Labels

Rossete

Ribeiro

2021

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laboratory technicians are the backbone of academic research and teaching laboratories, undertaking many tasks such as keeping the chemical inventory up to date, which includes systematic identification and categorization of chemical hazards, the first step to assess and minimize risks from chemicals. This study assessed whether laboratory technicians in higher education institutions recognize and understand the hazard information conveyed on chemical labels, standardized by the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), through a questionnaire based on labels of frequently used chemicals. Pictograms were free and promptly recalled and the most common noticed element. However, only 5 of 9 pictograms were satisfactorily explained by the participants. Those pictograms with greater semantic distance between what the symbol depicts and the function it represents were poorly interpreted. When asked to identify chemicals belonging to a specific hazard class using the elements displayed on the labels, the number of correct answers increased due to the presence of the H-statements in the labels. Although occupying intermediate positions in both recall and sequence of reading, H-statements are concrete written messages that helped participants identify the chemical hazard. Technicians did not understand the implicit meaning associated with signal words nor did they recognize it as a hazard communication element, as suggested by the bottom rank position in both recall and sequence of reading. Although possessing a good educational level, technicians did not have enough knowledge regarding GHS hazard communication elements displayed on the labels, compromising the hazard and risk assessment and management of chemicals.

show abstract

“…To announce the TOR, an audiovisual interface was utilized. Based on the recommendation of [27] for emergency situations, an audio message: "full autonomous driving assistant has failed" alerts the driver to danger. On the head-up display (HUD) and Control pad, the text message: "failed" was displayed without obstructing the driver's view.…”

Section: Test Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Takeover Time Budget Based on Analysis of Driver Behavior

Tanshi

Söffker

2022

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An automated driving system notifies a fallback-ready human driver to resume driving when critical operational and functional limits have been or are about to be exceeded. The point between notification and critical limit is the time budget. Previous studies indicate that interdependencies exist between takeover variables and the time budget leading to performance variations and sometimes accidents. It is known that drivers may delay or respond inadequately depending on the time budget. This contribution focuses on utilizing these interdependencies to evaluate the suitability of the time budget for specific scenarios. A 7 s time budget, eight scenarios, and three secondary tasks were studied in a driving simulator with 70 participants aged between 19 Yrs and 41 Yrs. The results indicate that drivers prioritize takeover effort in decreasing order of relative speed, traffic agents, and junctions. Furthermore, 7 s is suitable at a vehicle speed of 80 Km/h to 130 km/h, maximum two traffic agents and three junctions, and handsfree tasks but too high for lower complexities. Generally, the time budget is a sum of the takeover time and maneuver (e.g., lane change) response time. These results are relevant to safety and adaptive variation of the time budget for successful takeover.INDEX TERMS Conditional driving automation, driver assistance, driver behavior, safety and human factors, takeover time.

show abstract

Warnings and Hazard Communications

Cited by 12 publications

References 126 publications

The Impact of Hazard Statement Design Elements in Procedures: Counterintuitive Findings and Implications for Standards

The Impact of Hazard Statement Design Elements in Procedures: Counterintuitive Findings and Implications for Standards

Laboratory Technicians’ Use and Interpretation of Hazard Communication Elements on Chemical Labels

Determination of Takeover Time Budget Based on Analysis of Driver Behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About