Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences

You, Qinglong; Cai, Ziyi; Pepin, Nick; Chen, Deliang; Ahrens, Bodo; Jiang, Zhihong; Wu, Fu‐Peng; Kang, Shichang; Zhang, Ruonan; Wu, Tonghua; Wang, Pengling; Li, Mingcai; Zuo, Zhiyan; Gao, Yanhong; Zhai, Panmao; Zhang, Yuqing

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103625

Cited by 226 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…It is noted that CWR is the most abundant and fastest-growing in the cold zone, with the strongest trends mainly distributed in the middle-high latitudes near the Arctic and the North Atlantic where temperature and precipitable water both increase significantly (figures 4(a) and (b)). Warming is most pronounced in the Arctic, from two to four times the global average in models [28,34], known as the Arctic amplification [35,36]. Arctic warming has contributed to the dramatic melting of Arctic ice.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Trend In Cwrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing cloud water resource in a warming world

You

Zhou

Cai

et al. 2021

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Under global warming, terrestrial water resource regulated by precipitation may become more unevenly distributed across space, and some regions are likely to be highly water-stressed. From the perspective of the hydrological cycle, we propose a method to quantify the water resource with potential precipitation capacity in the atmosphere, or hydrometeors which remain suspended in the atmosphere without contributing to precipitation, namely Cloud Water Resource (CWR). Analyzing the characteristics of CWR during 2000-2017, CWR mainly concentrates in the middle-high latitudes which is the cold zone of the Köppen classification. In a warming world, CWR shows a significant increase, especially in the cold zone. Climate change with Arctic amplification and enhanced meridional circulation both contribute to the change of CWR through influencing hydrometeor inflow. By studying the characteristics of CWR and its influencing mechanisms, we demonstrate a perspective for human intervention with potential CWR in the atmosphere to alleviate terrestrial water resource shortages in the future.

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Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Trend In Cwrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing cloud water resource in a warming world

You

Zhou

Cai

et al. 2021

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Global climate change has shown a greater magnitude of trend of warming in the Arctic region [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. As a result, more freshwater is transported from the permanent ice in the ocean and on land to the Beaufort Sea [ 30 ] and other regions in the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Water Transport from Short-Term Vessel-Based and Long-Term Bottom-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements in an Arctic Lagoon Connected to the Beaufort Sea

Boswell

2021

Sensors

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Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) are quasi-remote sensing instruments widely used in oceanography to measure velocity profiles continuously. One of the applications is the quantification of land–ocean exchange, which plays a key role in the global cycling of water, heat, and materials. This exchange mostly occurs through estuaries, lagoons, and bays. Studies on the subject thus require that observations of total volume or mass transport can be achieved. Alternatively, numerical modeling is needed for the computation of transport, which, however, also requires that the model is validated properly. Since flows across an estuary, lagoon, or bay are usually non-uniform and point measurements will not be sufficient, continuous measurements across a transect are desired but cannot be performed in the long run due to budget constraints. In this paper, we use a combination of short-term transect-based measurements from a vessel-mounted ADCP and relatively long-term point measurements from a moored ADCP at the bottom to obtain regression coefficients between the transport from the vessel-based observations and the depth-averaged velocity from the bottom-based observations. The method is applied to an Arctic lagoon by using an ADCP mounted on a buoyant platform towed by a small inflatable vessel and another ADCP mounted on a bottom deployed metal frame. The vessel-based measurements were performed continuously for nearly 5 h, which was sufficient to derive a linear regression between the datasets with an R2-value of 0.89. The regression coefficients were in turn applied to the entire time for the moored instrument measurements, which are used in the interpretation of the subtidal transport variations.

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“…Due to the wide distribution of mountain glaciers, snow cover, permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, the TP and its surroundings are also known as the Asian Water Tower (Immerzeel et al, 2010;Yao et al, 2012), which are the source regions of several large Asian rivers (e.g., Yellow, Yangtze, Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Indus rivers etc.). The TP is particularly sensitive to climate change and regional anthropogenic forcing and currently has been experiencing significant warming (Chen et al, 2015;Gao et al, 2019;Huss and Hock, 2019;Kang et al, 2010;Ramanathan et al, 2007a;Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008;Xu et al, 2009;You et al, 2021). Recent rapid cryospheric changes (e.g., glacier melting, permafrost thawing, snow cover declining) on the TP profoundly affect the regional water cycle and ecosystems (Brun et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2019a;Kang et al, 2015;Immerzeel et al, 2019;Nie et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2021;Yao et al, 2012Yao et al, , 2019Zhang et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

APCC Data Report I: Black carbon and organic carbon dataset from atmosphere, glaciers, snow cover, precipitation, and lake sediment cores over the Third Pole

Kang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings, known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the regional and global climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly/indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation, and change the energy balance on Earth. CAs, along with other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can frequently be transported over long distances into the inland TP. During the last decade, a coordinated monitoring network and research program on Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change (APCC) has been gradually setup and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric change. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (19 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow/ice, snowpit, and two ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuous observed, and 138 sites surveyed), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the TP and its surroundings, as the first dataset released from this APCC program. These data were created based on online (in-situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric equivalent BC (eBC) concentrations were obtained by using an aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide a new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the TP, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport, and deposition processes. Several hundred years of refractory BC (rBC) records from ice cores and BC from lake sediment cores revealed the strength of human activities since the industrial revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Himalayas and TP. Mass absorption cross section of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. These files are available to download from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Lanzhou (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021, Kang and Zhang, 2021). In the future, datasets of mercury, heavy metals, and POPs will be reported.

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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences

Cited by 226 publications

References 226 publications

Increasing cloud water resource in a warming world

Increasing cloud water resource in a warming world

Estimating Water Transport from Short-Term Vessel-Based and Long-Term Bottom-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements in an Arctic Lagoon Connected to the Beaufort Sea

APCC Data Report I: Black carbon and organic carbon dataset from atmosphere, glaciers, snow cover, precipitation, and lake sediment cores over the Third Pole

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