2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007jc004623
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Warm pool thermodynamics from the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX)

Abstract: [1] Before the onset of the south Asian summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) of the north Indian Ocean warms to 30-32°C. Climatological mean mixed layer depth in spring (March-May) is 10-20 m, and net surface heat flux (Q net ) is 80-100 W m À2 into the ocean. Previous work suggests that observed spring SST warming is small mainly because of (1) penetrative flux of solar radiation through the base of the mixed layer (Q pen ) and (2) advective cooling by upper ocean currents. We estimate the role of th… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(19 citation statements)
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“…As ERA5's moisture flux and surface latent heat fluxes are strongly related, it follows that surface fluxes, especially moisture and latent heat fluxes, are largely responsible for the drop off of monsoon strength. This is consistent with previous studies of the ASMWP, which found surface heat fluxes to place a critical role in the development of the ASMWP, especially in increasing the strength of the ASMWP (Rao et al, ; Sengupta et al, ). It is worth noting that the BLTA also decreases at the same time as the moisture flux trend decreases, which may have contributed to the decrease in monsoon strength.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
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“…As ERA5's moisture flux and surface latent heat fluxes are strongly related, it follows that surface fluxes, especially moisture and latent heat fluxes, are largely responsible for the drop off of monsoon strength. This is consistent with previous studies of the ASMWP, which found surface heat fluxes to place a critical role in the development of the ASMWP, especially in increasing the strength of the ASMWP (Rao et al, ; Sengupta et al, ). It is worth noting that the BLTA also decreases at the same time as the moisture flux trend decreases, which may have contributed to the decrease in monsoon strength.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…These results are consistent with those of previous studies, which found a deeper freshwater pool and barrier layer to be associated with a stronger ASMWP (Rao et al, ). Observational studies based on the ARMEX program found that ASMWP temperatures could exceed 30 °C (Sengupta et al, ). As their study and our salt budget analysis also have connections to surface fluxes, it is useful now to look at the relationship between the barrier layer, net surface heat fluxes, and OHC in the upper 45‐m layer (Figure ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Not all of the surface shortwave radiation can be absorbed by the mixed layer. The solar penetration at the bottom of the mixed layer (Q b ) is nonnegligible when the mixed layer is very thin (Sengupta et al, 2002(Sengupta et al, , 2008. The solar penetration decays with the depth, which can be expressed by the following empirical formula (Paulson & Simpson, 1977;Qiu & Kelly, 1993):…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Changes in the mixed layer temperature reflect not only the air‐sea interaction but also about the upper ocean stratification. The mixed layer heat budget analysis is a useful tool to identify the dominant oceanic and/or atmospheric processes that governs the sea surface temperature (SST) changes (de Boyer Montégut et al, ; Dong et al, ; Sengupta et al, ). To our best knowledge, however, few studies have focused on the upper ocean stratification and mixed layer heat budget in the AS due to the scarcity of observations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%