Warm Discharges for Fuel Conversion

Gutsol, A.

doi:10.1002/9783527628148.hoc085

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most popular and fascinating types of plasmas produced at atmospheric pressure (from the left in order): gliding arc ([48], reproduced by permission of John Wiley and Sons), plasma jet ([49]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Park

Choe

Moon

et al. 2018

Advances in Physics: X

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Weakly ionized plasmas at or near 1 atm pressure, or atmospheric-pressure plasmas, have received increasing attention due to their scientific significance and potential for use in a variety of applications, particularly for medicine, agriculture, and food. However, there is a large imbalance between scientific research on plasma physics and applications, which is partly due to the considerable differences in the characteristics of these plasmas compared with those of low-pressure plasmas. This discrepancy is particularly related to the difficulty in performing plasma diagnostics for highly collisional plasmas. Information on electrons (such as the electron density and temperature) is essential since electrons play a dominant role in the generation of active species related to the physical and chemical processes inside the plasma. So far, limited diagnostics have been available for electrons such as Thomson scattering and optical emission diagnostics based on equilibrium models. Here, we review the available diagnostic methods along with their merits and limitations for characterizing electrons in weakly ionized collisional plasmas. Particular attention is paid to continuum radiation-based spectroscopy, which facilitates multidimensional imaging of electron density and temperature. The future impact of these plasmas on relevant fields (i.e. laboratory and industrial plasmas and their applications) is also addressed.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Park

Choe

Moon

et al. 2018

Advances in Physics: X

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plasma is typically classified into three types based on its temperature: thermal plasma and two forms of non-thermal plasma, 'cold' and 'warm' plasma [29]. In accordance with the concept of local thermodynamic equilibrium, it is inferred that within thermal plasma, a pronounced degree of ionization is present, accompanied by extensive energy exchanges among various species of particles, wherein the temperature of the electrons (T e ), ions (T i ), and neutrals (T n ), and consequently the gas temperature (T g ), are the same (T g ≈ T e ≈ T i ≈ T n ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanostructures synthesis by catalyst-free atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Neira-Velázquez,

Ku-Herrera,

Narro-Céspedes

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, carbon nanostructures were synthesized utilizing a warm plasma jet at atmospheric pressure in a continuous and catalyst-free process. The procedure and apparatus were designed and constructed in our laboratory. Plasma was generated with 600 watts of electrical energy, using a high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current power source. The working gas utilized was a propane/butane mixture, with a concentration ratio of 60:40, respectively. A production rate of 300 mg/min of powdered material was achieved, with a particle size between 20 and 100 nm. The product was characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Results show the formation of multilayer carbon nanostructures with a low content of functional groups; the obtained material presented structural defects and amorphous carbon. This work demonstrates that, with adequate control, warm plasma jet discharges can be employed for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures. The process is scalable and can be utilized for hydrocarbon reforming and hydrogen production. However, further studies are needed to improve the quality of the nanostructures and process efficiency. The synthesized material can potentially be used in gas adsorption or in the manufacture of polymeric nanocomposites with enhanced thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties.

show abstract

“…The main energy output in arc discharge plasmas occurs in the core region of the arc, as shown in Figure 1. Thereby, two parallel opportunities for enhancing the reaction occur in this region of the plasma [24][25][26][27][28]. The first is the generation of chemically active ionized species due to collisions of gas molecules and electrons, followed by reactions of these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Feeding IC engines with hydrogen-rich syngas as an admixture to hydrocarbon fuels can decrease pollutant emissions, particularly NOx. It offers a potential technique for low-environmental impact hydrocarbon fuel use in automotive applications. However, hydrogen-rich reformate gas (syngas) production via fuel reforming still needs more research and optimization. In this paper, we describe the effect of a plasma torch assembly design on syngas yield and composition during plasma-assisted reforming of gasoline. Additionally, erosion resistance of the cathode-emitting material under the conditions of gasoline reforming was studied, using hafnium metal and lanthanated tungsten alloy. The gasoline reforming was performed with a noncatalytic, nonthermal, low-current plasma system in the conditions of partial oxidation in an air and steam mixture. To find the most efficient plasma torch assembly configuration in terms of hydrogen production yield, four types of anode design were tested, i.e., two types of the swirl ring, and two cathode materials while varying the inlet air and fuel flow rates. The experimental results showed that hydrogen was the highest proportion of the produced syngas. The smooth funnel shape anode design in Ring 1 at air/fuel flow rates of 24/4, 27/4.5, and 30/5 g/min, respectively, was more effective than the edged funnel shape. Lanthanated tungsten alloy displayed higher erosion resistance than hafnium metal.

show abstract

Warm Discharges for Fuel Conversion

Abstract: The sections in this article are Introduction Fuel Conversion Thermal, Cold, and Warm Plasma Industrial Fuel Conversion Using Thermal Plasma Warm Plasma for Plasma‐Assisted Partial Oxidation ( PAPO ) Low current (Gliding) Arcs and Glow Discharges … Show more

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Carbon nanostructures synthesis by catalyst-free atmospheric pressure plasma jet

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About