Warfarin: almost 60 years old and still causing problems

Warfarin-Induced Alopecia: A Rare Case Report

“…The primary goal of warfarin treatment is to maintain the target international normalized ratio [3]. Complications of warfarin include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, elevation of liver enzymes, renal nephropathy, skin necrosis, purple toe syndrome, bleeding complications, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis [4]. Only a few cases have been reported worldwide on warfarin-induced alopecia.…”

Genotyping of <i>CYP2C9</i> and <i>VKORC1</i> polymorphisms predicts south Indian patients with deep vein thrombosis as fast metabolizers of warfarin/acenocoumarin

“…Genetic variations in CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450 2C9, drug-metabolizing enzyme) and VKORC1 (vitamin K-epoxide reductase 1, drug target) have been found to account for 30-50% of the variability in the drug dose (5). Warfarin is a widely used first-generation anti-coagulant and its derivative acenocoumarol is a second-generation anti-coagulant, and both share the same metabolizing gene pathways and result in similar pattern adverse reactions in patients (6)(7)(8). Genomewide association studies have verified that these genes are associated with the metabolism of the drugs (9).…”

Challenges in integrating a complex systems computer simulation in class: An educational design research

“…It works by inhibiting clotting factors within the coagulation network. This drug has a complex dose-response relationship in addition to large between-and within-subject variability (Pirmohamed, 2006). As a result, the relationship between the dose of warfarin and the response observed in a patient is not intuitively predictable.…”