Walking Your Virtual Dog: Analysis of Awareness and Proxemics with Simulated Support Animals in Augmented Reality

Norouzi, Nahal; Kim, Kangsoo; Lee, Myungho; Schubert, Ryan; Erickson, Austin; Bailenson, Jeremy N.; Bruder, Gerd; Welch, Greg

doi:10.1109/ismar.2019.000-8

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We believe that unexpected intrusion by ROs can bring about perceptual problems. Previous studies have also indicated the same and suggested for various solutions that require employing additional devices and techniques to avoid or remove the conflict [24,28]. In our case, we attempt to diminish its presence as seen by the user.…”

Section: Related Work 21 Perceptual Issues In Armentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Such physicality conflicts caused by VOs can be avoided by deliberately designing AR scenarios; however, avoiding one that is occurred by dynamic ROs could be difficult. For the latter case, Norouzi et al [24] demonstrated that a virtual animal's plausible response to such conflicts with a pedestrian could greatly improve copresence with the virtual animal.…”

Section: Related Work 21 Perceptual Issues In Armentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only that, but they also likely lead to incorrect mutual occlusion between ROs and VOs, causing depth distortion [18]. Moreover, ROs intruding the place occupied by VOs could lead to an issue known as physicality conflicts [16,24]. Some of these problems related to mutual occlusion can be resolved by applying advanced technologies [14,28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Don’t Bother Me: How to Handle Content-Irrelevant Objects in Handheld Augmented Reality

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

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In this paper, we applied the concept of diminished reality to remove content-irrelevant pedestrian (i.e., real object) in the context of handheld augmented reality (AR). We prepared three view conditions: in Transparent (TP) condition, we removed the pedestrian entirely; in Semi-transparent (STP) condition, the pedestrian became semi-transparent; lastly, in Default (DF) condition, the pedestrian appeared as is. We conducted a user study to compare the effects of the three conditions on users' engagement and perception of a virtual pet in the AR content. Our findings revealed that users felt less distracted to the AR content in TP and STP conditions, compared to the DF condition. Furthermore, users felt the virtual pet as more lifelike , its behavior more plausible, and felt a higher spatial presence in the real environment, in the TP condition. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → User studies; Mixed / augmented reality.

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Section: Related Work 21 Perceptual Issues In Armentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Related Work 21 Perceptual Issues In Armentioning

confidence: 99%

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Don’t Bother Me: How to Handle Content-Irrelevant Objects in Handheld Augmented Reality

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

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“…In particular, pets like dogs are known to form a strong social bond with their owner that manifests itself in protective behaviors or playful and excited attitudes, depending on their internal state and social cues exchanged between the animal and its owner [18]. To leverage similar benefits of human-animal interaction, the field of robot dogs draws from metaphors that highlight the similarities between the robot and known animals in order to communicate affordances and facilitate a more effective, personal, and emotional interaction [19] in various applications, such as companionship [20,21] and therapy [22]. Social roles of robots such as robot nannies, robot caretakers of elderly people, robot teachers for children, offering comfort and companionship that promote the development of responsibility and interaction, will be more personalized and intimate [23].…”

Section: Human-robot Relationships With Robotic Petsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robot Dog Intervention with the Golden Pup: Activating Social and Empathy Experiences of Elderly People as Part of Intergenerational Interaction

Ihamäki¹,

Heljakka²

2021

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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This paper takes an interest in examining the potential of robotic pet toys as social companions, which activate social and empathy experiences of the elderly and by doing so, increase their wellbeing. In order to study the benefits of using Golden Pup, a commercial robot dog, we designed and performed a research intervention at a senior day activity center with 10 participants of ages 65-80+ years interested in the firsthand user experiences. This study suggests how robotic pets can be used to activate the social and empathy experiences of elderly, and illuminates the role of reciprocity in building a relationship with a robotic pet. We present novel results on how a robot dog with a natural interface may evoke social and empathy experiences as part of playful, intergenerational group activities.

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“…Failure to obey physical rules (it called a physicality conflict) can reduce co-presence with VHs [5]. For example, a situation in which VHs overlapped with or passing through the real object (ROs) can remind users of their virtualness and eventually lead to breaks in the illusory sense of being together in the same physical space (i.e., co-presence) [5], [6]. Though the advanced 3D understanding technology may detect and prevent most of such collision situations [7]- [9], some situations still remain and inevitable conflicts with VHs can occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Visual Effects on User Perception With a Virtual Human in Augmented Reality Conflict Situations

et al. 2021

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Virtual humans (VHs) in augmented reality (AR) can provide users an illusory sense of being together in the real space. However, such an illusion can easily break when the augmented VH conflicts (or is overlaid) with the real objects. Recent spatial understanding technology is starting to make physically plausible VHs in response to collisions, but there are still limitations (e.g., resolution, accuracy) and inevitable conflict situations (e.g., unexpected passer-by), especially in daily life. Moreover, depending on the situation, VH's plausible behavior to avoid collision may rather interfere with the original interaction with the users. In this paper, we investigate three such situations: (1) when VH appears in a room through a closed door, (2) when the VH's body overlaps with static real objects, and (3) when a real moving object passes through the VH. While we considered (2) as an avoidable situation where physically plausible behaviors of VHs might be required, (1) and (3) were considered as inevitable situations (e.g., VH appearing out of nowhere, or passer-by cannot be aware of a virtual being), and we may not present VH's plausible behaviors, so alternatives might be required. Thus, for each of these notable situations in AR, we tested different visual effects as presentation methods for physical conflicts between a VH and real objects. Our findings indicate that visual effects improve VH's social/co-presence and physicality depending on the situations and effect types as well as influence users' attention/social behaviors. We discuss the implications of our findings and future research directions.INDEX TERMS Augmented reality, pervasive AR, virtual human, visual effects, perceptual issue, physicality conflict, social presence, co-presence, inevitable collision, human perception.

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Walking Your Virtual Dog: Analysis of Awareness and Proxemics with Simulated Support Animals in Augmented Reality

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Don’t Bother Me: How to Handle Content-Irrelevant Objects in Handheld Augmented Reality

Don’t Bother Me: How to Handle Content-Irrelevant Objects in Handheld Augmented Reality

Robot Dog Intervention with the Golden Pup: Activating Social and Empathy Experiences of Elderly People as Part of Intergenerational Interaction

The Impacts of Visual Effects on User Perception With a Virtual Human in Augmented Reality Conflict Situations

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