Walking in a Cube: Novel Metaphors for Safely Navigating Large Virtual Environments in Restricted Real Workspaces

Cirio, Gabriel; Vangorp, Peter; Chapoulie, Emmanuelle; Marchal, Maud; Lécuyer, Anatole; Drettakis, George

doi:10.1109/tvcg.2012.60

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Many VR studies on novel locomotion techniques or interfaces evaluate virtual trajectories using difference performance criteria [21,7,18,35,45] (such as task completion time, traveled distance, number of collisions, and path precision with respect to the ideal path), empirical observations of trajectory visualizations [45], as well as cognitive, presence and cybersickness questionnaires [45,41,36]. Although often sufficient in their context, these metrics cannot reliably evaluate the realism of a trajectory since they do not take into account its underlying shape and its kinematic aspects.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Virtual Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Evaluation of Virtual Walking Trajectories

Cirio

Olivier

Marchal

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. The objective of this paper is to evaluate various virtual locomotion conditions by comparing reference with virtual trajectories formed during goal-directed locomotion tasks. Reference trajectories (left) can be recorded through motion capture or be generated through a numerical model of human locomotion. The paper demonstrates the framework (center) over a set of experimental trajectories (right). For the purpose of demonstration, this paper compares frequently used virtual locomotion conditions. Abstract-Virtual walking, a fundamental task in Virtual Reality (VR), is greatly influenced by the locomotion interface being used, by the specificities of input and output devices, and by the way the virtual environment is represented. No matter how virtual walking is controlled, the generation of realistic virtual trajectories is absolutely required for some applications, especially those dedicated to the study of walking behaviors in VR, navigation through virtual places for architecture, rehabilitation and training. Previous studies focused on evaluating the realism of locomotion trajectories have mostly considered the result of the locomotion task (efficiency, accuracy) and its subjective perception (presence, cybersickness). Few focused on the locomotion trajectory itself, but in situation of geometrically constrained task. In this paper, we study the realism of unconstrained trajectories produced during virtual walking by addressing the following question: did the user reach his destination by virtually walking along a trajectory he would have followed in similar real conditions? To this end, we propose a comprehensive evaluation framework consisting on a set of trajectographical criteria and a locomotion model to generate reference trajectories. We consider a simple locomotion task where users walk between two oriented points in space. The travel path is analyzed both geometrically and temporally in comparison to simulated reference trajectories. In addition, we demonstrate the framework over a user study which considered an initial set of common and frequent virtual walking conditions, namely different input devices, output display devices, control laws, and visualization modalities. The study provides insight into the relative contributions of each condition to the overall realism of the resulting virtual trajectories.

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Section: Evaluation Of Virtual Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Evaluation of Virtual Walking Trajectories

Cirio

Olivier

Marchal

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…In such an environment it could make sense to use alternative metaphors for navigation. For instance, navigation metaphors and visualizations of boundaries as proposed in [2]. Generally, such a system calls for new metaphors where the walkable area gets somehow visualized in the VE, e.g., by a set of paths or areas indicated with soft boundaries in the VE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous mapping and redirected walking for ad hoc free walking in virtual environments

Nescher

Zank

Kunz

2016

2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)

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Providing real walking in virtual environments remains a challenge because of space, setup, and tracking system requirements. With the help of redirected walking (RDW), natural and unconstrained walking in virtual environments has become possible -without using mechanical locomotion devices -by manipulating the user's real world trajectory such that he remains within the boundaries of the walkable space. Nevertheless, typical home or office environments do not provide sufficient space or a suitable room which is free of obstacles.This paper presents an approach that combines RDW with a low-cost and user-worn tracking approach based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). I.e. learning the environment with the walkable area, tracking the user's viewpoint, and RDW is done on the fly without any prior setup, without preparing a room, and without setting up a tracking system. This allows ad hoc free walking in virtual environments even within dynamic and cluttered physical rooms, where the walkable area is of arbitrary shape.Furthermore, by combining SLAM and a planning RDW controller, this approach has the potential to provide the best free walking experience for any given physical environment.

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“…Then, the magic barrier tape [Cirio et al 2009] displays the boundaries of the physical workspace as a virtual barrier tape that can be pushed to navigate in the VE. In the same manner, Cirio et al [Cirio et al 2012] presents the virtual companion, which is a virtual bird that protects the user at the limits. All these different methods become visible only when the user gets close to the boundaries of the physical workspace.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborators awareness for user cohabitation in co-located collaborative virtual environments

Lacoche

Pallamin

Boggini

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

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In a co-located collaborative virtual environment, multiple users share the same physical tracked space and the same virtual workspace. When the virtual workspace is larger than the real workspace, navigation interaction techniques must be deployed to let the users explore the entire virtual environment. When a user navigates in the virtual space while remaining static in the real space, his/her position in the physical workspace and in the virtual workspace are no longer the same. Thus, in the context where each user is immersed in the virtual environment with a Head-Mounted-Display, a user can still perceive where his/her collaborators are in the virtual environment but not where they are in real world. In this paper, we propose and compare three methods to warn users about the position of collaborators in the shared physical workspace to ensure a proper cohabitation and safety of the collaborators. The first one is based on a virtual grid shaped as a cylinder, the second one is based on a ghost representation of the user and the last one displays the physical safe-navigation space on the floor of the virtual environment. We conducted a user-study with two users wearing a Head-Mounted-Display in the context of a collaborative FirstPerson-Shooter game. Our three methods were compared with a condition where the physical tracked space was separated into two zones, one per user, to evaluate the impact of each condition on safety, displacement freedom and global satisfaction of users. Results suggest that the ghost avatar and the cylinder grid can be good alternatives to the separation of the tracked space. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Virtual reality; Collaborative interaction; User studies; KEYWORDSVirtual Reality, Collaborative Virtual Environment Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). VRST '17, November 8-10, 2017, Gothenburg, Sweden [Fleury et al. 2010] that results from the virtual navigation of both users in the VE. When these two users wear a HMD, they can still perceive each other in the VE but no longer in the real workspace. In that case, we must avoid any possible physical collision between the two users.

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Walking in a Cube: Novel Metaphors for Safely Navigating Large Virtual Environments in Restricted Real Workspaces

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Kinematic Evaluation of Virtual Walking Trajectories

Kinematic Evaluation of Virtual Walking Trajectories

Simultaneous mapping and redirected walking for ad hoc free walking in virtual environments

Collaborators awareness for user cohabitation in co-located collaborative virtual environments

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