Walkable Communities and Adolescent Weight

Slater, Sandy J.; Nicholson, Lisa; Chriqui, Jamie F.; Barker, Dianne C.; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Johnston, Lloyd D.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.015

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The small effect may be due to poor walkability in these neighborhoods, with an average walkability index of 8 (max = 12) compared to the possible range of 0 to 22. However, our findings are comparable to the average walkability index of 6 that was reported in a national sample of public secondary school students and their communities [49]. The 4 min/day increase in MVPA (based on the difference in predicted 2 to 6 min of MVPA/day in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Four trained data collectors walked the length of each segment between November and August 2013 to complete the audit, adapted from the Bridging the Gap Street Segment Tool [49, 50]. A member of our team was also a community member and neighborhood expert.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the walkability index was composed of the following items: traffic signs at the intersection (4 items) pedestrian crossings (2 items), sidewalks (10 items), lighting (2 items), transit (2 items), and mixed use (2 items). For each street segment we summed the items and used the average across the street segments (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.77) [49] and the scale ranges from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating greater walkability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLow-income African American adults are disproportionately affected by obesity and are also least likely to engage in recommended levels of physical activity (Flegal et al. JAMA 303(3):235-41, 2010; Tucker et al. Am J Prev Med 40(4):454-61, 2011). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is an important factor for weight management and control, as well as for reducing disease risk (Andersen et al. Lancet 368(9532):299-304, 2006; Boreham and Riddoch J Sports Sci 19(12):915-29, 2001; Carson et al. PLoS One 8(8):e71417, 2013). While neighborhood greenspace and walkability have been associated with increased MVPA, evidence also suggests that living in areas with high rates of crime limits MVPA. Few studies have examined to what extent the confluence of neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime might impact MVPA in low-income African American adults nor how associations may vary by age and sex.MethodsIn 2013 we collected self-reported data on demographics, functional limitations, objective measures of MVPA (accelerometry), neighborhood greenspace (geographic information system), and walkability (street audit) in 791 predominantly African-American adults (mean age 56 years) living in two United States (U.S.) low-income neighborhoods. We also acquired data from the City of Pittsburgh on all crime events within both neighborhoods. Exposure: To examine cross-sectional associations of neighborhood-related variables (i.e., neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime) with MVPA, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Additionally, we examined potential interactions by age (over 65 years) and sex on relationships between neighborhood variables and MVPA.ResultsOverall, residents engaged in very little to no MVPA regardless of where they lived. However, for women, but not men, under the age of 65 years, living in more walkable neighborhoods was associated with more time engaged in MVPA in (β = 0.55, p = 0.007) as compared to their counterparts living in less walkable areas. Women and men age 65 years and over spent very little time participating in MVPA regardless of neighborhood walkability. Neither greenspace nor crime was associated with MVPA in age-sex subgroups.ConclusionsNeighborhood walkability may play a stronger role on MVPA than accessible greenspace or crime in low-income urban communities. Walkability may differentially impact residents depending on their age and sex, which suggests tailoring public health policy design and implementation according to neighborhood demographics to improve activity for all.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3959-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

et al. 2017

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“…Segments (both sides of a street between two cross streets) were randomly selected, with an oversampling of segments where there was anticipated change. Data collectors walked the length of each segment to complete the audits, adapted from the Bridging the Gap Street Segment Tool (37, 38). Data were collected at the street-level, and factor analyses were conducted at the level of the individual, by examining street segment data from within a 0.25-mile network distance of each participant’s home.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the association between neighborhood characteristics and sleep quality mediated by psychological distress? An analysis of perceived and objective measures of 2 Pittsburgh neighborhoods

et al. 2016

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“…Spastic contractions may be long lasting and lead to skeletal deformity or they may be brief and intense jerks of the limbs, which disturb sleep or make other activities, such as transfer from a bed to a wheel-chair difficult. Spasticity is a major concern for those interested in rehabilitation of the spinal cord [6]. This is particularly true for those interested in reconstructing movements by electrical stimulation strategies, given that any programmed movement may be destroyed by an unexpected spasm.…”

Section: Spasticity Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Spasticity Management for Enhancing Patient – Physician Communications

Nagayama¹

2014

IJACSA

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Abstract-Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the Western world, behind heart disease and cancer, and accounts for over half of all neurologic admissions to community hospitals. Spasticity is commonly defined as excessive motor activity characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes. It is often associated with exaggerated tendon jerks, and is often accompanied by abnormal cutaneous and autonomic reflexes, muscle weakness, lack of dexterity, fatigability, and co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles.

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Walkable Communities and Adolescent Weight

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

Is the association between neighborhood characteristics and sleep quality mediated by psychological distress? An analysis of perceived and objective measures of 2 Pittsburgh neighborhoods

Interventional Spasticity Management for Enhancing Patient – Physician Communications

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