Wages, Rents, and Amenities: Differences Among Workers and Regions

Roback, Jennifer

doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01667.x

Cited by 271 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This general equilibrium model would alSOintroduce theroleplayedhy the prices offixed factors, such as land,in theequilibrating pro~ss. Although research in thistopicisin its infancy(see, forinstance, Heckman and Sedlacek, 1985;Roback, 1988),itisclearthatthis type ofanalysis shoulrf providea much &eper characterization of labor market equilibrium.The discussion also highlights a feature of the k~tate selection model that is shared by the standard 2-state Roy model. In both models, the ranking of skill prices across regions completely determines where a region ranks in terms of the average skill level of its inhabitants.…”

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Self-selection and internal migration in the United States

Borjas

Bronars

Trejo

1992

Journal of Urban Economics

385

263

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The Naiiond Lnngil>dind S.wcys (NLs) program supporls m:my sludic$ designed 10 increase "ndcrwandimg of tic labxm market and rncih.ds of dtiru colkxdon The Oi.s.curxion Papers scriw inco~raks some of tie research coming OU1of [he program.Many of the papers in his series have bum dclivcrcd m find mporu+ uxnmissioncd as part of an cxuanmral grant program, under which grams arc aw.wdcd lhrough a competitive process. The series is inmndcd 10 circula!c fit findings 10 inlcrcsmd readers wilhm and oulside the Bureau of L&or Smlislics.Persons inmremd in oblti~ing a copy of any Djscusxion Paper, uthcr NLS rcpor%. or general information about dm NLS progmn and surveys should CUIIIJCIhc BurcmI of Labor Statistics, Office of Eco"omi. Research. W ashingmn. DC 20212-OW1 (202-606-7405),Material in rhis publication is in the public domain and, wi[h appmprialc crcdil. may be reproduced witiout permirsfonOpinions and conclusions expressed in his doc.mcnl arc lhosc of dw audIor(s) and do not necessarily reprcsem an official positim of Lhc S3urcau of IAur SI&dcs or tie U.S. Depaxunenl of Labor. NLS Discussion Papers SeIf-Selection and Internal Migration in the United StatesGeorge J. Borjas University of California at San Diego, and UniconStephen G. Bronars University of Texas, and UniconStephen J. Trejo University of California at Santa Barbara, and Unicon March 1990T&s final paper wasfunded by tfre U.S.Department ofLabor, BureauofLaborStatistics undercontract number J-9-J-7-0393. Opinions stated inthkpa~r do notnece~ariIy represent theofficial position orpolicy ofrhe . U.S.IkpamnentofLabor. SELF-SELBCTION AND INTE8NAL MIGRATION IN THE uNITED STATESGeorge~. Borjas, Stephen G. Bronars, and Stephen J. Tr&jo Executive summarvThe population of the United States is highly mobile. Since the 1960s, aPPrOxi=tely three percent of the population moves across state lines in any given yea:, and 10 percent of the population moves across state lines in a five-year period. In view of-the falling fertility rates of American women, this extensive mobility implies that migration has become an increasingly important source of demographic change in the various regions . .and a msjor determinant of concurrent changes in regional economic growth.Internal migration rates are especially high among the young. ,, In the . National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, over half of the sample are currently (i.e., in 1986) residing in a state other than their state of birth, and about 40 percent are living in a different state than they were at age 14" (see Table 1). The data also indicate that approximately 8 percent of white young men and 6 percent of black and Hispanic young men move across state boundaries in any given year. Our study_presents a theoretical and empirical=analysis of the internal migration of young workers in the United States.Guided by income-maximizing models, previous research has focused on 'explaining" the size and direction of migration flows across areas.Generally, these studies conclude that persons migrate from low-income regions to high-...

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Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Self-selection and internal migration in the United States

Borjas

Bronars

Trejo

1992

Journal of Urban Economics

385

263

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“…Desta forma, nesta seção é apresentada inicialmente tal estrutura espacial de equilíbrio, seguindo-se de perto a proposta de Roback (1982Roback ( , 1988. Em seguida, são apresentadas e discutidas formas alternativas de ordenação das localidades de acordo com a qualidade de vida, enfatizando-se a nova proposta sugerida neste artigo.…”

Section: Equilíbrio Espacial E Ranking De Qualidade De Vidaunclassified

“…De fato, desde o trabalho de Rosen (1979) sobre os diferenciais compensatórios de salários e da análise destes diferenciais sob equilíbrio geral por Roback (1982), os economistas têm uma explicação para as disparidades salariais entre localidades sujeitas a distintos níveis de amenidades ou bens públi-cos: as diferenças de remunerações entre as localidades, observadas mesmo para indivíduos igualmente produtivos, refletiriam os diferentes níveis de disponibilidades destas amenidades ou bem públicos nas localidades, de forma que, sob equilíbrio (inexistência de ganhos com arbitragem locacional), as localidades mais bem (mal) servidas com respeito às referidas amenidades apresentariam menores (maiores) remunerações para os seus residentes.Em conformidade, também de forma pioneira, Roback (1988) mostrou que as disparidades de renda entre trabalhadores de diferentes regiões americanas tornam-se insignificantes quando tais diferenças são condicionadas por um conjunto de amenidades naturais e sociais.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Preferência revelada e arbitragem espacial: determinando um ranking de qualidade de vida para as regiões metropolitanas do Brasil

Neto¹,

Menezes²

2008

Rev. Bras. Econ.

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O artigo propõe extensões da metodologia de Kahn (1995) para determinação de um ranking de qualidade de vida para um conjunto de localidades, aplicando-as ao conjunto de regiões metropolitanas do Brasil a partir de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) do ano de 2004, depois de corrigir os salários regionais através do Índice de Custo de Vida proposto por Azzoni et alii (2000). As propostas eliminam grande parte das fragilidades envolvidas na construção de índices de qualidade de vida a partir de estimações de preços hedônicos e consideram os diferenciais regionais de preços dos bens e serviços comercializáveis entre as localidades. No sentido de apontar a consistência dos resultados obtidos com algumas hipóteses levantadas, o ranking obtido para 2004 é cotejado com aquele de 1993.
Based in the seminal work of Kahn (1995), the article proposes new methodologies to rank localities in terms of quality of life, applying them to the set of Brazilian metropolitan regions with data from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) of the year of 2004, after controlling for regional disparities of cost of life by using Azzoni et alii (2000) Price Index. The new proposals eliminate most of fragilities in building life quality indices from estimation of hedonic prices and take in account regional difference in prices of good and services tradable among regions. To highlight the consistency of the results, additional evidence for the year of 1993 is supplied

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“…In the standard approach, in competitive labour markets wage differentials in part compensate for the non-pecuniary (dis)advantages of a particular occupation (Rosen, 1986) and for the (dis)advantages of locating and working in a particular geographical area (Roback, 1982(Roback, , 1988. Where wages are centrally regulated, such compensating adjustments do not occur (at least, overtly) and the quality and composition of the workforce is thereby affected by these (dis)advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wage regulation and the quality of police officer recruits

Crawford¹,

Disney

2015

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe paper analyses the impact of centrally regulated pay on the quality of applicants to be police officers in England and Wales using a unique dataset of individual test scores from the national assessment that is required of all applicants. It provides empirical evidence of two distinct channels through which centrally regulated pay induces variation in the quality of applicants. First, national wage setting implies that relative wages between the police and other occupations vary spatially. We show that higher outside wages are associated with lower quality applicants, using several spatially-varying measures of outside wages. Second, nationally-set wages cannot adjust to reflect spatial variation in the disamenity of an occupation. We demonstrate that a greater disamenity of policing (as measured primarily by area differences in crime rates and in the proportion of crime that is violent) is also associated with lower quality police applicants. JEL: J31 J38

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Wages, Rents, and Amenities: Differences Among Workers and Regions

Cited by 271 publications

References 5 publications

Self-selection and internal migration in the United States

Self-selection and internal migration in the United States

Preferência revelada e arbitragem espacial: determinando um ranking de qualidade de vida para as regiões metropolitanas do Brasil

Wage regulation and the quality of police officer recruits

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