We have previously found that carboxymethylpullulan (CMPul) conjugated with sialyl Lewis X (Neu5Aca a2-3Galb b1-4(Fuca a1-3)GlcNAc-, 2-3SLe x ) preferentially accumulates in the lymph nodes and spleen. In the present study, we investigated the structural requirements of the 2-3SLex moiety for this accumulation using rats. Radiolabeled CMPul conjugates with various degrees of substitution (d.s.) of the 2-3SLex moiety were intravenously administered to rats, and their tissue distributions were monitored by radioactivity. When the d.s. was more than 0.5, preferential accumulation in the lymph nodes as well as the spleen was observed. However, when the d.s. was 0.025, little effect of the 2-3SLex moiety was noted. Changes in the carbohydrate structure of 2-3SLe x , i.e., a change to a a2-6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Aca a2-6Galb b1-4(Fuca a1-3)GlcNAc-, 2-6SLe x ) or an elimination of the fucose (Neu5Aca a2-3Galb b1-4GlcNAc-, sialyl N-acethyllactosamine (SLN)), also made the 2-3SLex moiety ineffective. Furthermore, Microautoradiography analyses revealed that 2-3SLe x -CMPul was incorporated by particular subsets of macrophages in these tissues, and that CMPul and SLN-CMPul were also located in the same cells to a lesser extent. 2-3SLe x -CMPul may be able to serve as a novel drug delivery carrier to target drugs to the peripheral lymphoid tissues.