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Abstract

Toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite (HA-toothpaste) have demonstrated efficacy in preventing caries, treating hypersensitivity and curing periodontal diseases, however, their effects on whitening teeth have not been investigated. In this study, the polishing and whitening properties of hydroxyapatite contained toothpastes were evaluated in a combined experimental and clinical study. The polishing properties were evaluated in artificial teeth by polishing with different toothpastes, while the brightening and whitening properties were examined in volunteers using two colorimeters with two specially made fiberscopes. The results revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite to toothpaste did not alter its polishing properties, while it did result in a marked increase in tooth-whiting. It was also found that the brightening and whitening properties increased as the amount of hydroxyapatite in the toothpaste increased. It is concluded that toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite are effective at whitening tooth and that whitening was not due to their polishing effect on tooth surface.

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

“…HAp scaffolds and nanoparticles have been used also for controlled drug delivery [396,397,398,399]. Also, HA is added to some brands of toothpaste as a gentle polishing agent instead of calcium carbonate [400,401]. Nano-HAp particles were found to have an ability to infiltrate a demineralized collagen matrix of dentin.…”

“…Other applications for CaP in dentistry also include toothpaste and chewing gum [252]. CaPs were found to promote a partial remineralization of a demineralized enamel, as well as have whitening effect and reduce tooth sensitivity [400]. CaPs are also used as carriers for nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into nuclei of living cells for gene therapy [841].…”

Calcium orthophosphates

“…Due to a great similarity to biological apatite, HA has been used in liquid chromatography of nucleic acids, proteins and other biological compounds 392 - 401 and for drug delivery purposes 402 - 405 for a long time. Also, HA is added to some brands of toothpaste as a gentle polishing agent instead of calcium carbonate 406 , 407 . Non-biomedical applications of HA include its use as an environmentally friendly filler for elastomers, 408 a sorbent of poisonous chemical elements 409 , 410 and a carrier for various catalysts 411 - 413 .…”

Synthesis of nanocrystalline fluorinated hydroxyapatite by microwave processing and its in vitro dissolution study

“…Synthetic hydroxyapatite, [HA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ], has been extensively used as an implant material for bone substitute owing to its excellent osteoconductive properties (Groot 1980). Synthetic HA has been used for a variety of other biomedical applications like matrices for controlled drug release, bone cements, tooth paste additive, dental implants etc (Itokazu et al 1998;Legeros 1998;Niwa et al 2001;Kenny and Buggy 2003). When OH -groups in HA are partially substituted by F -, fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite, [FHA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2-x F x , 0 < x < 2], is obtained.…”