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Abstract

An aqueous extract of Kefir, fermented milk originally produced in the Caucasus mountains, suppressed morphological changes of human melanoma HMV-1 and SK-MEL cells and human normal fibroblastTIG-1 cells caused by UVC-irradiation, suggesting that UV damage can be suppressed by the Kefir extract. The addition of the Kefir extract after UVC-irradiation of HVM-1 cells resulted in a remarkable decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) which had been increased by UVC irradiation. The Kefir extract also stimulated unscheduled DNA synthesis and suppressed UVC-induced apoptosis of HMV-1 cells. A colony formation assay revealed that the Kefir extract rescued HMV-1 cells from cell death caused by UVC irradiation. The Kefir extract, as well as methyl methanethiosulfonate which is known to enhance the nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity, exhibited strong thymine dimer repair-enhancing activity. Epigalocatechin exhibited a weak NER activity but vitamins A, C, and E and catechin showed no NER activity. The thymine dimer repair-enhancing factors in the Kefir extract were heat-stable and assumed to be molecules with a molecular weight of less than 5000. The treatment of HMV-1 cells with the Kefir extract during or before UVC- irradiation also prevented the generation of ROS and thymine dimmer, and suppressed the apoptosis of HMV-1 cells, suggesting that application of Kefir can prevent UV damage.

Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, inhibits ultraviolet‐induced apoptosis in keratinocytes

“…UVB affects skin by inducing immune suppression, premature skin ageing, inflammation and cell death. In this study, we used UVC to determine the effects of AST because UVC also induces serious damaging effects on the biological system and causes increased apoptosis due to its higher light energy and lower wavelength band compared with UVB and UVA (21,22). In this study, the iNOS protein and mRNA expression was observed to increase when cultured keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and UVC.…”

Kefir and Its Biological Activities

“…They found that MSR101 EPS illustrated anticancer activity against the HT-29 cancerous cell line and up-regulated the expression of Cyto-c, BAX, BAD, caspase3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Moreover, the aqueous extract of kefir exhibited potent anti-oxidative activity in UVC-irradiated human melanoma HMV-1 cells and resulted in a remarkable decline in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with enhanced DNA repair factors (thymine dimer repair-enhancing activity) [53]. The use of kefir supernatant as an adjuvant for doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy has also been studied owing to its chemo-sensitizing effects on multidrug-resistant (MDR) human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) [66].…”

A new colorimetric method for determining antioxidant levels using 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene sulfonate (DBNBS)

“…To achieve this goal, the food and pharmaceutical industries require access to detailed data regarding the levels of antioxidants contained in food to maximize the availability of antioxidants in the body [5 , 6] . Therefore, we have been conducting in vitro and in vivo studies to identify the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of antioxidants present in food and drinking water [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] .…”