W1367 Intestinal Methane Production in Obese Humans is Associated With Higher Body Mass Index

Basseri, Robert J.; Basseri, Benjamin; Chong, Kelly; Youdim, Adrienne; Low, Kimberly; Hwang, Laura; Mathur, Ruchi; Khalili, Ted; Soffer, Edy E.; Chang, Christopher; Pimentel, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(10)63258-1

Cited by 52 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Host absorption of SCFAs produced in this manner can provide up to 10% of daily caloric intake, depending on dietary content [33]. In two human studies, our group has shown that the presence of both methane and hydrogen on breath test is associated with greater body mass index (BMI) [30,31] and percent body fat [31], supporting the hypothesis that increased intestinal colonization with methanogens can contribute to increased caloric uptake and weight gain in the host. Another recent study suggested a role for differences in intestinal methane production in altered glycemic control in diabetic subjects [34], further supporting our finding of altered glucose levels in methane-producing individuals, and methane producers have also been shown to have higher fasting serum cholesterol concentrations when compared to age-, sex-, and BMI-matched non-methane producers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Methanogens have been shown to facilitate increased fermentation of dietary polysaccharides by other microbes, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and enhanced availability of calories to the host [27][28][29]. In two separate human studies, our group has now shown that the presence of both methane and hydrogen on breath test is associated with greater body mass index (BMI) [30,31] and percent body fat [31]. To further characterize the effects of methanogenic colonization on metabolic parameters, we examined whether elevated breath methane is associated with changes in glucose tolerance in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane-producing human subjects have higher serum glucose levels during oral glucose challenge than non-methane producers: a pilot study of the effects of enteric methanogens on glycemic regulation

Mathur¹,

Goyal²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Res J Endocrinol Metab

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Background: Recent studies support that intestinal microbes contribute to human disease, and enteric methanogens have been specifically linked to altered gut metabolism and weight gain. In this study, we tested whether methane on breath test (as a surrogate for colonization with the predominant methanogen Methanobrevibacter smithii) is associated with altered glucose tolerance in humans. Methods: Consecutive methane producing (methane ≥3ppm, N=5) and non-methane producing (methane <3ppm, N=15) subjects undergoing lactulose breath test at our center were recruited and subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: The average age of methane-producing subjects was 48.8±10.0 vs. 37.7±12.1 for non-methane subjects (P=0.17). Methane and non-methane subjects also had comparable mean body mass index (BMI) (23.9±0.2 vs. 25.0±8.0 kg/m2; P=0.53) and baseline insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.32±0.72 vs. 2.21±1.52; P=0.23). During 180 minutes post-glucose load, methane producers had greater serum glucose area-under-the-curve (AUC) (774.2±140.3 mg/dL) than non-methane subjects (585.5±128.3 mg/dL) (P=0.03), but similar insulin AUC (217.76±122.08 μU/mL vs. 215.37±75.02 μU/mL, respectively). Conclusions: Individuals with methane on breath test (reflecting higher colonization with enteric methanogens, predominantly M. smithii) may have impaired glucose tolerance when challenged with a high carbohydrate load, and may also have a higher susceptibility to hyperglycemia which appears to be independent of basal insulin resistance and BMI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane-producing human subjects have higher serum glucose levels during oral glucose challenge than non-methane producers: a pilot study of the effects of enteric methanogens on glycemic regulation

Mathur¹,

Goyal²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Res J Endocrinol Metab

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“…This symbiotic association increases adiposity when inoculated into germ-free mice [67]. In humans, methanogenic archaea are increased in obese vs lean individuals [68], and intestinal methane production in obese individuals is associated with a higher BMI [69]. However, this association cannot be generalised to all archaea [70], and their relationship with glycaemia has not been reported.…”

Section: Dysbiosis Related To Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperglycaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Each human intestine harbours not only hundreds of trillions of bacteria but also bacteriophage particles, viruses, fungi and archaea, which constitute a complex and dynamic ecosystem referred to as the gut microbiota. An increasing number of data obtained during the last 10 years have indicated changes in gut bacterial composition or function in type 2 diabetic patients. Analysis of this 'dysbiosis' enables the detection of alterations in specific bacteria, clusters of bacteria or bacterial functions associated with the occurrence or evolution of type 2 diabetes; these bacteria are predominantly involved in the control of inflammation and energy homeostasis. Our review focuses on two key questions: does gut dysbiosis truly play a role in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, and will recent discoveries linking the gut microbiota to host health be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes? Here we review how pharmacological, surgical and nutritional interventions for type 2 diabetic patients may impact the gut microbiota. Experimental studies in animals are identifying which bacterial metabolites and components act on host immune homeostasis and glucose metabolism, primarily by targeting intestinal cells involved in endocrine and gut barrier functions. We discuss novel approaches (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transfer) and the need for research and adequate intervention studies to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of these new therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes.

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“…For example, the presence of methanogenic bacteria has now been shown to be an independent predictor of higher body mass index in obese adults. 11 Communities of bacteria in the gut of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 were recently reported to differ substantially from those of their healthy counterparts. Using real-time quantitative PCR researchers determined that the proportions of phylum Firmicutes and class Clostridia were significantly reduced in the diabetic group compared to the control group, among other differences.…”

Section: The Human Body Is An Ecosystem Of Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

Proal

Albert

Blaney³

et al. 2011

Cell Mol Immunol

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Microbes are increasingly being implicated in autoimmune disease. This calls for a re-evaluation of how these chronic inflammatory illnesses are routinely treated. The standard of care for autoimmune disease remains the use of medications that slow the immune response, while treatments aimed at eradicating microbes seek the exact opposite-stimulation of the innate immune response. Immunostimulation is complicated by a cascade of sequelae, including exacerbated inflammation, which occurs in response to microbial death. Over the past 8 years, we have collaborated with American and international clinical professionals to research a model-based treatment for inflammatory disease. This intervention, designed to stimulate the innate immune response, has required a reevaluation of disease progression and amelioration. Paramount is the inherent conflict between palliation and microbicidal efficacy. Increased microbicidal activity was experienced as immunopathology-a temporary worsening of symptoms. Further studies are needed, but they will require careful planning to manage this immunopathology.

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W1367 Intestinal Methane Production in Obese Humans is Associated With Higher Body Mass Index

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Methane-producing human subjects have higher serum glucose levels during oral glucose challenge than non-methane producers: a pilot study of the effects of enteric methanogens on glycemic regulation

Methane-producing human subjects have higher serum glucose levels during oral glucose challenge than non-methane producers: a pilot study of the effects of enteric methanogens on glycemic regulation

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

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