W-band scalable phased arrays for imaging and communications

Gu, Xiaoxiong; Valdes‐Garcia, Alberto; Natarajan, Arun; Sadhu, Bodhisatwa; Liu, Duixian; Reynolds, Scott

doi:10.1109/mcom.2015.7081095

Cited by 77 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to [23], the effective dielectric constant ε eff can be expressed as follows: where f n is the nth resonant frequency, n is the integer order of resonance, R is the mean radius of the ring, c is the speed of light in vacuum. Then the relative dielectric constant ε r can be derived from the effective dielectric constant ε eff according to (2) and 3 [23].…”

Section: A Ring Resonator Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millimeter-Wave Antenna-in-Package Applications Based on D263T Glass Substrate

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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SCHOTT D263T glass substrate is investigated for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antenna-inpackage applications using integrated passive device (IPD) technology. For comparison, the ring-resonator method and transmission-line method are used to extract the dielectric constant (εr) of the glass substrate up to 67 GHz. The extracted results show good correlation between the two methods. Compared with the ring-resonator method, the transmission-line method requires higher measurement and simulation accuracies as the frequency decreases. Based on the extracted substrate data, a miniaturized Yagi-Uda dipole antenna operating at 60 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna achieves a fractional impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of 57.1% (i.e. 36.4 to 65.5 GHz), and stable gains of 5.5±0.5 dBi from 40 to 67 GHz with the dimension of 3.4 × 4 mm 2. The simulated radiation efficiency is >90% from 45 to 67 GHz, and the measured results agree well with the simulations. INDEX TERMS Glass substrate, millimeter-wave (mm-wave), integrated passive device, ring-resonator method, transmission-line method, integrated antenna.

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Section: A Ring Resonator Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where t is the thickness of the copper and h is the thickness of glass substrate. It should be noticed that the equation (2) and (3) are effective at low frequencies, but the validity at mm-wave frequencies is still questionable. Accordingly, the calculated relative dielectric constant ε r based on (2) and (3) is unreliable.…”

Section: A Ring Resonator Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Antenna-in-Package Applications Based on D263T Glass Substrate

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…O is the vector containing the observation data y mn (f k ) of the mn TX-RX subarray pair at kth frequency, as expressed in (1). It can be expressed as a product of the field data and the target data as:…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Element phasing can be realized either with adjustable phase shifters, or with traveling wave antennas, whose beam inherently steers with the carrier frequency. The approach based on adjustable phase shifters offers the best control of the beam but leads to complex and costly hardware especially in case of large arrays [1]- [3]. The solutions where the beam steers with the carrier frequency are simpler in hardware, but imposes other challenges [4]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Imaging Method based on Frequency-Diverse Subarrays

Leino¹,

Ala‐Laurinaho²,

Purisha

et al. 2019

2019 12th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)

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Method to reconstruct images with frequency diverse subarrays at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. The imaging system consists of a set of transmit and receive subarrays each having unique, strongly frequency-dependent radiation pattern. Signal transmissions between different transmit and receive subarray pairs are recorded at multitude of frequencies and the image is solved from the set of these measurements. Target space is observed with each subarray pair and with the known subarray field patterns, the target locations are determined. Simulation study of the method has been conducted and the evaluation of the results proves that the method is viable and could be used for imaging purposes. Index Terms-millimeter-wave imaging, frequency-diverse antenna, subarrays

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“…Recently, several interesting scalable phased array structures and designs for mm-wave frequencies have been proposed [22,23]. A major challenge in low-profile high-gain millimeter-wave antennas is the high losses in the feed network because the transmission lines realized on PCB become relatively long and they have inherently high losses at high frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Band Beam-Steerable and Scalable Phased Antenna Array for 5G Access Point

Islam¹,

Leino

Luomaniemi

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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This paper presents a new implementation of the beam-steerable two-dimensional phased antenna array for the forthcoming 5G networks. The antenna enables easy integration of phase shifters and other active electronics on a single PCB, low-loss feed network, low profile, and beam steering in both azimuth and elevation plane. In addition, the antenna is scalable in the number of elements and it can be made compatible with low-cost mass production in plastic injection molding with a metal coating. The antenna consists of a rectangular waveguide feed network, waveguide-to-PCB transitions, phase shifters on a PCB, and horn antenna radiating elements. The parts have been first designed and simulated individually and the operation of the whole structure is then verified by electromagnetic simulations. The phase shifter used in this work is a meandered microstrip line section, but the structure also enables the implementation of active phase shifters. A four-by-four antenna array prototype was manufactured. The beam-steering properties of the phased antenna array have been tested with radiation pattern measurements at 72.5 GHz, and the measured gains are compared with the simulated ones. The measured gains are 15.2 and 11.2 dBi for the boresight beam, and the beam was steered to 40°.

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W-band scalable phased arrays for imaging and communications

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

Millimeter-Wave Antenna-in-Package Applications Based on D263T Glass Substrate

Millimeter-Wave Antenna-in-Package Applications Based on D263T Glass Substrate

Millimeter-Wave Imaging Method based on Frequency-Diverse Subarrays

E-Band Beam-Steerable and Scalable Phased Antenna Array for 5G Access Point

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