“…However, shame was more elevated in the NPD group, where the level of shame was "very high." This concurred with our expectations, as the NPD group presumably manifested predominantly vulnerable narcissistic features, considering that the patients suffer from co-occurring depression (Erkoreka & Navarro, 2017;Ronningstam, 2011;Tritt, Ryder, Ring, & Pincus, 2010). This result contrasts with some previously mentioned studies, where levels of shame were not elevated in patients with NPD, which could possibly reflect sampling differences (Watson et al, 1996;Wright et al, 1989).…”