Vulnerability Attacks of SVD-Based Video Watermarking Scheme in an IoT Environment

Abstract

This study reviews the superiority and limitations of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based video watermarking scheme. First applies key frame selection to the video sequence to obtain an appropriate video frame for the purpose of watermark embedding in this paper. The Fibonacci-Lucas image transformation scrambles the grayscale watermark image before the embedding process. The former scheme satisfies the imperceptibility and robustness aspects. However, it can suffer from the False-Positive-Problem (FPP) in which a counterfeit watermark image can be easily reconstructed by a malicious attacker. This study presents a new technique for overcoming the FPP of the aforementioned scheme. The proposed method embeds the principal components of the watermark image rather than the Singular Value Matrix (SVM) into the host video. As results, the proposed methods yield promising results in terms of imperceptibility as well as robustness. At the same time, it solves the FPP. A theoretical analysis of embedded watermark information is also provided in this work. The theoretical analysis meets the experimental-based results in the SVD-based video watermarking scheme. INDEX TERMS False-positive-problem, watermarking, principal components, Fibonacci-Lucas transform, vulnerability attack.

Blind Camcording-Resistant Video Watermarking in the DTCWT and SVD Domain

“…There have been multiple digital watermarking techniques developed in the literature which use the SVD domain to embed the watermark [7], [8], [10], [18]- [22]. For example, the authors of [21] altered the SVs of an image with the watermark.…”

“…Then, every sub-band was used to elicit the watermark. Similarly, Prasetyo et al [22] proposed an SVD-based watermarking scheme. More specifically, the LLband of a DWT-transformed host frame is divided in nonoverlapping blocks, and the principal components of the scrambled watermark signal is embedded into the largest singular value of each block.…”

“…The effectiveness of the proposed technique was compared with three schemes: the DWT-SVD method by Prasetyo et al [22], the DCT method by Lee et al [65], and the DCT method by Ling et al [66]. As summarized in Table 1, these methods claim to have robustness against signal processing attacks and (some) geometric attacks.…”

“…This table illustrates that the FNRs of Prasetyo's, Lee's, Ling's and the proposed algorithms were zero or close to zero even when the resolution scaled down to × 320 pixels and the PSNR of the attacked watermarked U channel decreased to 20.45 dB for the proposed scheme. [65] Ling [66] Proposed Prasetyo [22] Lee [65] Ling [66] Proposed Prasetyo [22] Lee [65] Ling [66]…”

Secure Watermarking Schemes and Their Approaches in the IoT Technology: An Overview

“…The hiding algorithms use different related algorithms such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). In the extraction domain, the watermark retrieval process is defined as the reverse process that is based on the embedding process [21]. These processes use low weight calculations, which cause low consuming energy [16].…”